GreenHill 英文app

May 23 Tue 2017 17:28
線上自動生成農曆生日匯入到google的通知提醒

線上自動生成農曆生日匯入到google的通知提醒，可以到2100年。
用法(Windows)：

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greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(1) 人氣()

個人分類：工具

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Nov 16 Mon 2015 11:10
[常考重點整理] 連接詞 conjunction

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：
- 連接詞 (conjunction)是連接詞類、詞性和相等的文法單位時，用連接詞。基本上可分「對等連接詞」和「從屬連接詞」。

對等連接詞：
- 單字對等連接詞：
  and, but, or, so, nor, for, yet, then
  - You, he and I are in the same class.
  - He is rich, but he is not happy.
  - Do you like yellow or red?
  - Mary cheated on the exam so she got a zero.
- 關連對等連接詞：
  both … and … 二者都, either … or … 二者之一, neither … nor … 兩者皆不, not only … but also … 不但…而且…
  - They have both the money and the time.
  - Either you or I have to finish the work.
  - I can neither read nor write.
  - Not only the teacher but also her students like the movie.

從屬連接詞：
- 名詞子句:
  從屬連接詞所引導的子句在複句中當名詞用時，就稱為名詞子句。
  
  that
  - That the earth is round is true.
  - That I love you is true.
  - Don’t tell the others that I am going to Taipei next week.
  If, whether
  - I am not sure if he will come tomorrow.
  - I am not sure whether he will come or not.
  - Tell me whether or not I should invite him.
  疑問副詞 when, where, why, how
  - When you come visit me is important to me.
  - This is where we used to play.
  - Why he divorced her doesn’t matter.
  - Never ask people how old they are.
- 副詞子句:
  表示時間 when, while, before, after, as, till, since等。
  - We will eat when he comes back.
  - Finish your breakfast before you go to school.
  表示地點 where, wherever等。
  - He is very happy where he is now.
  - You can go wherever you like.
  表示原因 because, as, since等。
  - Because it rained, I stayed at home yesterday evening.
  - Because I was sick yesterday, I didn’t do my homework.
  表示狀態 as, like, in the way等。
  - The conditions are as follows.
  - He behaves in the same way I used to.
  表示目的 so that, in order to等。
  - I must finish the report so that I can go on a trip.
  - They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints.
  表示結果 so … that等。
  - The computer is so expensive that I can't buy it.
  - I arrived early so that I got a good seat.
  表示條件 if, unless等。
  - If it is fine tomorrow, we will go jogging.
  - If it rains tomorrow, Jim will stay at home.
  表示讓步 although, though, while等。
  - Though he is old, he still has to work.
  - Though she hid the key in the drawer, we still found it finally.
  表示比較 than, as...as, the...the等。
  - She is more beautiful than Mary.
  - The more I read, the more I found this book interesting.
- 形容詞子句:
  形容詞子句是由關係代名詞所引導的子句,具形容詞性質，用以修飾先行詞，又稱關係子句
  
  先行詞主格受格所有格
  人 who whom whose
  物 which which *
  人/物 that that *
  
  關係代名詞的人稱、數、詞性必須和其先行詞一致。
  - This is the teacher who teaches us English.
  - This is the dog which always causes trouble.
  關係代名詞 what, whoever, whatever 兼有前述詞與關係代名詞的作用，成為複合關係代名詞，使用時，前面不另加前述詞。
  - This is not what I want = This is not the thing which I want.
  先行詞前面有特別修飾語時，須用關係代名詞 that，而不可用 who 或 which 等。
  - Jim was the first man that I fell in love with.
  - This is the same watch that I have lost.
  - All the books that talk about socialism are sold out.
  關係代名詞當及物動詞的受詞時，該關係代名詞可省略。
  - Everything (that) he touched became gold.

先行詞	主格	受格	所有格
人	who	whom	whose
物	which	which	*
人/物	that	that	*

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greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(2) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

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Nov 16 Mon 2015 11:07
[常考重點整理] 介系詞 preposition

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：
- 介系詞 (preposition)又叫前置詞，放在名詞、代名詞或名詞相等語之前，表示它後面的名詞與句子中其他字之間的關係。

介系詞的種類：
- 簡單介系詞：
  只有一字的介系詞，如：in, at, for, since等
  - The two brothers study in the same class.
  - It's been ten years since they married.
- 二重介系詞：
  由兩個介系詞組成，如：until after(直至...之後), from among(從...當中)
  - I delayed the plan until after I put the details.
  - They went out from among us.
- 片語介系詞：
  兩個以上的字形成一個片語當介系詞用，如：as for(至於), out of(出自), according to(根據), because of(因為), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果)
  - As for my past, I'm not telling you anything.
  - In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.
- 分詞介系詞：
  如：regarding(關於), considering(考慮到), including(包括)。
  - He knew nothing regarding the case.
  - Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.
  - There are ten people including you.

介系詞的受詞：
- 介系詞後面的名詞或代系詞叫做介系詞受語。介系詞的受詞通常是名詞、代名詞、動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子句等。
- 名詞作受詞：
  - The picture is on the wall.
  - She is afraid of dogs.
- 代名詞作受詞：
  - She looks like you.
  - She stood in front of me.
- 動名詞作受詞：
  - She is afraid of making new friends.
  - All runners should know about running.
- 形容詞作受詞：
  - His answer is far from honest.
- 副詞作受詞：
  - She came back to Taipei from abroad.
- 片語作受詞：
  - They failed to agree on where to spend their holidays.
- 子句作受詞：
  - It depends on whether he will buy the house.
  - I quite agree with what you say.

介系詞的位置：
- 位於動詞之後，表示位置或方向
  - He lives in Taipei.
  - He went into the kitchen.
- 位於句首,表示突出、對照或倒裝
  - In the garden everything was so beautiful.
  - Behind me lay the fields.
  - On the desk is a bag.
- 位於名詞之後，用於限制前面的名詞
  - The apple on the plate is for you.
  - He is an expert at troubleshooting.

介系詞的意義分類：
- 表示時間：
  about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within.
- 表示地點：
  about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near.
  - We live at an old town.
  - They went through the park.
  at ：指位置的某一點
  - They built a nest at the top of the tree.
  - There's a police station at the end of the street.
  on ：指在位置的某一平面上或表面
  - How beautiful the moonlight on the lake is!
  - What's that black mark on the ceiling?
  - You used to have a picture on the wall, didn't you?
  in ：用於比較大的地點
  - This is the only shop in the village.
  - He enjoys traveling in every quarter of the globe.
- 表示方式：
  by bus ：乘公共汽車
  see with one's own eyes ：親眼看...
  write in ink ：用墨水寫...
  on foot ：步行，徒步
- 表示原因：
  for ：He was punished for stealing.
  from ：suffer from a cold
  of ：be ashamed of
  with ：shake with cold
- 表示關於：
  about ：關於（一般情況）
  on ：關於（理論，學術）
  of ：a long story of adventure
- 表示比較：
  as ：His face is as black as coal.
  like ：He saw a number of small hard things like stones.
- 表示除外：
  but ：He works every day but Sunday.
  except ：We all went except Tom.
  except for ：The letter is good except for the spelling.
  besides ：Besides English, he studies German and French.
- 表示條件：
  with ：With all his faults, I like him.
  without ：Man cannot live without water.
- 表示結果：
  to ：She tore the letter to pieces.
- 表示對於：
  for ：Sea air is good for the health.
  to ：To her it was all unusual.

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greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

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Nov 16 Mon 2015 11:04
[常考重點整理] 名詞 noun

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：
- 名詞是用來表示人、動物、東西或地點的名稱。

格的功能：
- 主格的用法：
  - 做「主詞」：Joe likes apples.
  - 做「主詞補語」：He is Joe.
  - 做「主詞同位語」：My brother, Joe, is a good student.
  - 做「稱呼語」：Let the dog out, Joe.
- 受格的用法：
  - 做「及物動詞的受詞」：He kissed the girl.
  - 做「介系詞受詞」：Joe is sitting on a chair.
  - 做「不定詞受詞」：You ought to help Joe.
  - 做「動名詞受詞」：I enjoy helping Joe.
  - 做「受詞補語」：We made him angry.
  - 做「受詞同位語」：He is my cousin, Joe.
- 所有格的用法：
  - 「單數」：Joe's dog
  - 「複數」：the girls' dog
  - 「複合名詞」：brother-in-law's dog
  - 「沒生命」：the door of the house

數與種類：
- 包括普通名詞、集合名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞。
- 可數的名詞：
  - 普通名詞：a girl, a dog, an hour
  - 集合名詞：people, a family, a school
- 不可數的名詞：
  - 物質名詞：water, milk, gold, air
  - 抽象名詞：sleep, advice, freedom, truth
  - 專有名詞：Tokyo, China, Taipei, the White House

名詞變化：
- 規則變化：
  1. 一般在詞尾加s，day→days, boy→boys
  2. 以s,ss,x,z,sh,ch結尾的,加es，dish→dishes, box→boxes
  3. 以子音字母加y結尾的,改y為i,再加es，story→stories
  4. 一般以f或fe結尾的,變f或fe為ves，leaf→leaves
  5. 以子音字母加o結尾的,一般加es，potato→potatoes
- 不規則變化：
  - 改變內部母音字母，man→men, tooth→teeth
  - 加詞尾en或ren，child→children
  - 單複數同形，sheep→sheep

性：
- 性
  範例
  陽性
  man, boy, brother
  陰性
  woman, girl, sister
  通性
  friend, child, teacher
  中性
  desk, house, book

性	範例
陽性	man, boy, brother
陰性	woman, girl, sister
通性	friend, child, teacher
中性	desk, house, book

(繼續閱讀...)

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個人分類：英文文法

▲top

Nov 16 Mon 2015 10:59
[常考重點整理] 形容詞 adjective

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
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width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
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ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
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list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
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display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
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ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
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margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
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table {
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}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：
- 形容詞 (adjective)是用來修飾名詞，表示名詞屬性的詞，如 yellow，strong。一般放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如 public relations，young girl。

形容詞用法：
- 限定用法：
  形容詞與所修飾的名詞或代名詞在位置上為相鄰，且該形容詞直接修飾這個名詞或代名詞時，即為限定用法。
  - It is a wooden table.
  - This is a red flower.
  - Something strange happened.
- 敘述用法：
  形容詞如作為補語用，間接修飾名詞或代名詞時，即為敘述用法。
  - She is beautiful.
  - Everyone think her beautiful.
- the+形容詞：
  the+形容詞=複數名詞，需用複數動詞。
  - The rich are not always happy. = The rich people are not always happy.

形容詞種類：

代名形容詞：
某些「代名詞」可以轉用做「形容詞」使用，我們統稱之為代名形容詞

代名
範例說明
所有形容詞
my book, their teacher
疑問形容詞
which book, what time, whose sun
指示形容詞
this book, that girl
不定形容詞
some books, any money

代名	範例說明
所有形容詞	my book, their teacher
疑問形容詞	which book, what time, whose sun
指示形容詞	this book, that girl
不定形容詞	some books, any money

數量形容詞：

數量	範例說明
修飾可數	many, few, a few, a number of
修飾不可數	much, little, a little, a sum, deal, amount of
都可修飾的	some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
數詞	one, two, three, first, second, half, quarter, once, twice

修飾形容詞：

修飾
範例說明
專有形容詞
Chinese, English
物質形容詞
wooden, gold, silver
性狀形容詞
good, black, young

比較等級：
- 形容詞中只有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞才有三級的變化(副詞中的情狀副詞也有三級的變化)
- 原級：
  既未變化的形容詞原形，例如：great, big, difficult等，用 as … as, so … as 比較。
  A + am / are / is + as adj as B → A 和B 一樣～
  - Jim is as strong as I am.
  - He is not so good as he was before.
- 比較級：
  既形容詞-er或more+形容詞，單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞加er，兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用more+形容詞，例如：greater, bigger, more difficult等，用 … than … 比較。
  A + am / are / is + adj-er + than B → A 比B 還～
  - He is taller than I am.
  - He is much taller than I am.
  - She is less beautiful than her mother.
  - He is taller than all the other boys in his class.
- 最高級：
  既形容詞-est或most+形容詞，單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞加est，兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用most+形容詞，例如：greatest, biggest, most difficult等。最高級為唯一，所以要加the。
  A + am / are / is + the most / the best / adj-est（N）→ A 是最～的
  - He is the tallest of the three boys.
  - He is the least tall of the three boys.
  - She is the most beautiful of all the girls in her class.
  - He is my youngest child.
- 常見比較級片語：
  
  片語
  中文意思
  so soon as
  一…就…
  no sonner … than
  一…就…
  no longer
  再也不…
  th …er the …er
  越…越…
  more or less
  多多少少…

修飾	範例說明
專有形容詞	Chinese, English
物質形容詞	wooden, gold, silver
性狀形容詞	good, black, young

片語	中文意思
so soon as	一…就…
no sonner … than	一…就…
no longer	再也不…
th …er the …er	越…越…
more or less	多多少少…

三級的變化:

規則變化：
單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞＋er→比較級，＋est→最高級

原級	比較級	最高級
small	smaller	smallest
rich	richer	richest
long	longer	longest
fast	faster	fastest
old	older	oldest
hard	harder	hardest
big	bigger	biggest
hot	hotter	hottest

兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用more+形容詞→比較級，most+形容詞→最高級

原級	比較級	最高級
useful	more useful	most useful
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
careless	more careless	most careless
dangerous	more dangerous	most dangerous
comfortable	more comfortable	most comfortable

不規則變化：

原級
比較級
最高級
good
better
best
well
bad
worse
worst
ill
wrong
many
more
most
much
little
littler
littlest
old
older
oldest
late
later
latest

原級	比較級	最高級
good	better	best
well
bad	worse	worst
ill
wrong
many	more	most
much
little	littler	littlest
old	older	oldest
late	later	latest

(繼續閱讀...)

greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

▲top

Nov 16 Mon 2015 10:54
[常考重點整理] 代名詞 pronoun

body {
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font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
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margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
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ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
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border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
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border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
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display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
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ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
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color: DarkSlateBlue;
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table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：

代名詞就是英語語句中代替先前提及的名詞，以避免同樣的名詞被重複使用，包括人稱代名詞、不定代名詞、指示代名詞、疑問代名詞和關係代名詞。

代名詞	範例說明
人稱代名詞	如：I, you, they, it等
所有代名詞	如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等
反身代名詞	如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等
不定代名詞	如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等
指示代名詞	如：this, that, these, those, such, same等
疑問代名詞	如：who, whom, whose, which, what等
關係代名詞	如：who, whom, whose, which, that等

人稱代名詞：
- 有人稱之區別的代名詞叫做「人稱代名詞」，其主要用途在於代替名詞。但它不只指人，也指事物。人稱基本上有第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱三種。
  
  人稱
  範例說明
  第一人稱
  說話者，I, my, me, we, our, us
  第二人稱
  說話的對象，you, your
  第三人稱
  其他的人或物，he, his, him, she, her, it, its, they, their, them
- 人稱代名詞(數性格)的區別：
  
  單數
  複數
  主格
  受格
  主格
  受格
  第一人稱
  I
  me
  we
  us
  第二人稱
  you
  you
  you
  you
  他
  he
  him
  they
  them
  她
  she
  her
  they
  them
  它
  it
  it
  they
  them
  不定
  one
  one
  ones
  ones
- 人稱代名詞用法：
  - I am a teacher.
  - He took her to be me.
  - I know him.

所有代名詞：
- 所有代名詞代替人稱代名詞的所有格(所有形容詞)和它所修飾的名詞。
  
  形容詞性
  名詞性
  我的
  my
  mine
  你的
  your
  yours
  他的
  his
  his
  她的
  her
  hers
  它的
  its
  its
  我們的
  our
  ours
  你們的
  your
  yours
  他們的
  their
  theirs
  
  所有代名詞後不可接名詞,無論代替單數或複數名詞,都用相同形態。
  - This is my house.
  - This is mine.

反身代名詞：
- 反身代名詞又稱複合人稱代名詞,表示自己,由人稱代名詞+self(單數),selves(複數)構成。
  
  人稱
  單數
  複數
  第一人稱
  myself
  ourselves
  第二人稱
  yourself
  yourselves
  他自己
  himself
  themselves
  她自己
  herself
  它自己
  itself
  
  反身代名詞的主格和受格的形式是一致的。
  - I myself did it.
  - The man hurt himself.
  - The candle light went out of itself.

人稱	範例說明
第一人稱	說話者，I, my, me, we, our, us
第二人稱	說話的對象，you, your
第三人稱	其他的人或物，he, his, him, she, her, it, its, they, their, them

	單數	複數
主格	受格	主格	受格
第一人稱	I	me	we	us
第二人稱	you	you	you	you
他	he	him	they	them
她	she	her	they	them
它	it	it	they	them
不定	one	one	ones	ones

	形容詞性	名詞性
我的	my	mine
你的	your	yours
他的	his	his
她的	her	hers
它的	its	its
我們的	our	ours
你們的	your	yours
他們的	their	theirs

人稱	單數	複數
第一人稱	myself	ourselves
第二人稱	yourself	yourselves
他自己	himself	themselves
她自己	herself
它自己	itself

不定代名詞：

沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代名詞。

數	不定代名詞	範例說明
一個	one	I do not like this one.
	each	Each student listens to the teacher.
	someone	Someone is on the phone.
	something	Everybody can do something.
	another	I don’t like this coat, Show me another.
二個	both	Both of his brothers are doctors.
	either	You may take either of the two books.
	neither	Neither of the girls likes to go with him.
	each other	They often talk to each other on the phone.
多個	all	That's all I know.
	one	One of the boys plays computer games very well.
	none	None is available.
	one another	They all laugh at one another.
	everyone	Everyone should be here in time tomorrow.
	anyone	I don’t know anyone interesting.
	nobody	Nobody can do everything.
	anything	You can tell me anything.
	nothing	I know nothing about it.
	any	You can come any time.
	some	I am going to get some ink.
	several	Several of his classmates speak English well.
	most	Most people have a house.
	many	I have many books to give you.
	much	There is not much ink in the bottle.
	few	Few of the books are cheap now.
	little	I have a little money to buy the book.
	other	One is black and the other is white.

不定代名詞 all, both及each可置於一般名詞(當主詞或當受詞)後，用以加強語氣，亦可置於主要動詞、助動詞或be動詞後。

My parents both love dogs.

指示代名詞：
- 表示這個，那個，這些，那些以及it, such, same等詞，指稱特定的人或事物的代名詞叫做「指示代名詞」。
  
  指示代名詞
  範例說明
  this
  This is a book.
  that
  That is a red car.
  these
  These are cars.
  those
  Those are trees.
  such
  Such is the case.
  same
  I bought a dress and she bought the same.
  
  指示代名詞 this 和 that 可以用來代替前面所提過的語句。
  - I did not go. This made him very angry.
  指示代名詞 that 和 those可以用來代替前面所提過的名詞，以避免重複
  - His taste is quite different from that of his brother's.

指示代名詞	範例說明
this	This is a book.
that	That is a red car.
these	These are cars.
those	Those are trees.
such	Such is the case.
same	I bought a dress and she bought the same.

疑問代名詞：

發問時為了表達「誰（who），誰 (whom），誰的（whose），什麼（what），哪個或哪些 (which) 」等稱為「疑問代名詞」。

格	疑問代名詞	範例說明
主格	who	Who knows it?　Mary does.
	which	Which is mine?
	what	What has happened?
受格	whom	Whom did you meet?　I met Mary.
	which	Which do you like best?
	what	What do you want?　I want some food.
所有格	whose	Whose is this hat?　It's mine.

疑問代名詞通常放在句首。

Who is that men in white?

What can I do for you?

直接問句中疑問詞 who 之後的主詞、動詞要調換位置。而在間接問句中，因為已有 do you know 表達了疑問意味，故 who 之後的主詞、動詞不須調換位置。

Which does he like?

Do you know which he likes?

關係代名詞：
- 關係代名詞是用來引導來關係子句(從屬子句) 的關聯詞。兼有代名詞與連接詞作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞。
  
  先行詞
  主格
  受格
  所有格
  人
  who
  whom
  whose
  物
  which
  which
  *
  人/物
  that
  that
  *
  
  關係代名詞的人稱、數、詞性必須和其先行詞一致。
  - This is the teacher who teaches us English.
  - This is the dog which always causes trouble.
  關係代名詞 what, whoever, whatever 兼有前述詞與關係代名詞的作用，成為複合關係代名詞，使用時，前面不另加前述詞。
  - This is not what I want = This is not the thing which I want.
  先行詞前面有特別修飾語時，須用關係代名詞 that，而不可用 who 或 which 等。
  - Jim was the first man that I fell in love with.
  - This is the same watch that I have lost.
  - All the books that talk about socialism are sold out.
  關係代名詞當及物動詞的受詞時，該關係代名詞可省略。
  - Everything (that) he touched became gold.

先行詞	主格	受格	所有格
人	who	whom	whose
物	which	which	*
人/物	that	that	*

(繼續閱讀...)

greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

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Oct 26 Mon 2015 15:06
[常考重點整理] 動詞 verb

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定義：
- 動詞 (verb)是表示動作或狀態的詞，每一個句子都有動詞，而且只有一個動詞。，如果需要有兩個以上的動詞一定要想辦法解決。

動詞用法：
- 及物動詞：
  及物是指動詞後面接名詞 (N.), 也就是受詞 (O.), 在字典裡通常會標示為 Vt (t: transitive)
  
  及物動詞範例
  完全及物動詞 I like the boy.
  不完全及物動詞 You make me happy.
  
  完全及物動詞，其後必須接受詞意思才完整。
  不完全及物動詞的受詞後面必須接補語意思才會完整。常見有：make, leave等。
- 不及物動詞：
  不及物則後面不接 N. 或 O., 而是接副詞或介係詞. 在字典裡通常會標示為 Vi (i: intransitive)
  
  不及物動詞範例
  完全不及物動詞 Birds fly.
  不完全不及物動詞 I live with my family.
  
  完全不及物動詞，其後不需要接補語，意思已完整。
  不完全不及物動詞亦稱為「連繫動詞」，後面須接補語。常見有：be, seem, look, become, appear, get等。

及物動詞	範例
完全及物動詞	I like the boy.
不完全及物動詞	You make me happy.

不及物動詞	範例
完全不及物動詞	Birds fly.
不完全不及物動詞	I live with my family.

動詞變化：

規則：

規則變化範例
V+ed ended, opened
V字尾e+d liked, lived
V字尾子音y-ied tried, studied
V字尾母音y+ed stayed, obeyed
V字尾短母音+子音-重複子音+ed stopped, rubbed

規則變化	範例
V+ed	ended, opened
V字尾e+d	liked, lived
V字尾子音y-ied	tried, studied
V字尾母音y+ed	stayed, obeyed
V字尾短母音+子音-重複子音+ed	stopped, rubbed

不規則：

三型同型 A-A-A型

解釋	原形	過去式	過去分詞
賭	bet	bet	bet
吩咐	bid	bid	bid
花費	cost	cost	cost
切	cut	cut	cut
打擊	hit	hit	hit
傷害	hurt	hurt	hurt
讀	read	read	read
設置	set	set	set
流出	shed	shed	shed
關閉	shut	shut	shut
吐	spit	spit	spit
分離	split	split	split
傳播	spread	spread	spread
心煩	upset	upset	upset

二式同形 A-A-B型

解釋原形過去式過去分詞
打 beat beat beaten

二式同形 A-B-A型

解釋原形過去式過去分詞
成為 become became become
來 come came come
克服 overcome overcame overcome
跑 run ran run

解釋	原形	過去式	過去分詞
打	beat	beat	beaten

解釋	原形	過去式	過去分詞
成為	become	became	become
來	come	came	come
克服	overcome	overcame	overcome
跑	run	ran	run

二式同形 A-B-B型

解釋	原形	過去式	過去分詞
彎	bend	bent	bent
綑綁	bind	bound	bound
流血	bleed	bled	bled
帶來	bring	brought	brought
建造	build	built	built
買	buy	bought	bought
捕	catch	caught	caught
爬行	creep	crept	crept
處理	deal	dealt	dealt
挖掘	dig	dug	dug
飼養	feed	fed	fed
感覺	feel	felt	felt
戰	fight	fought	fought
發現	find	found	found
逃	flee	fled	fled
得	get	got	got
研磨	grind	ground	ground
吊	hang	hung	hung
有	have/has	had	had
聽	hear	heard	heard
把握	hold	held	held
保持	keep	kept	kept
跪	kneel	knelt	knelt
放置	lay	laid	laid
領導	lead	led	led
學習	learn	learned	learned
離開	leave	left	left
借給	lend	lent	lent
失去	lose	lost	lost
做	make	made	made
意欲	mean	meant	meant
遇到	meet	met	met
付款	pay	paid	paid
說	say	said	said
尋求	seek	sought	sought
賣	sell	sold	sold
寄送	send	sent	sent
照耀	shine	shone	shone
射	shoot	shot	shot
坐	sit	sat	sat
睡	sleep	slept	slept
聞	smell	smelt	smelt
拼字	spell	spelt	spelt
花費	spend	spent	spent
紡織	spin	spun	spun
站立	stand	stood	stood
黏貼	stick	stuck	stuck
刺	sting	stung	stung
打擊	strike	struck	struck
掃	sweep	swept	swept
搖擺	swing	swung	swung
教	teach	taught	taught
告訴	tell	told	told
想	think	thought	thought
知道	understand	understood	understood
哭	weep	wept	wept
勝	win	won	won
捲動	wind	wound	wound

三式不同形 A-B-C型

解釋	原形	過去式	過去分詞
生	bear	bore	born
開始	begin	began	begun
咬	bite	bit	bitten
吹	blow	blew	blown
打破	break	broke	broken
選擇	choose	chose	chosen
做	do	did	done
畫	draw	drew	drawn
喝	drink	drank	drunk
駕駛	drive	drove	driven
吃	eat	ate	eaten
落下	fall	fell	fallen
飛	fly	flew	flown
忘記	forget	forgot	forgotten
寬恕	forgive	forgave	forgiven
凍結	freeze	froze	frozen
給	give	gave	given
去	go	went	gone
生長	grow	grew	grown
躲藏	hide	hid	hidden
知道	know	knew	known
躺	lie	lay	lain
誤會	mistake	mistook	mistaken
騎乘	ride	rode	ridden
鳴鍾	ring	rang	rung
升起	rise	rose	risen
看	see	saw	seen
搖動	shake	shook	shaken
展出	show	showed	shown
唱	sing	sang	sung
下沉	sink	sank	sunk
說話	speak	spoke	spoken
跳躍	spring	sprang	sprung
偷	steal	stole	stolen
奮鬥	strive	strove	striven
發誓	swear	swore	sworn
游泳	swim	swam	swum
拿取	take	took	taken
撕裂	tear	tore	torn
投擲	throw	threw	thrown
穿	wear	wore	worn
編織	weave	wove	woven
寫	write	wrote	written

時態：
- 簡單式：
  現在時間
  簡單現在式表示現在發生的事件、動作、狀態、習慣或存在的真理與事實。形式：V, V-s, V-es 或 V-ies。一般動詞用原形，如果主詞是「第三人稱單數」後面動詞要加「s」或「es」。be 動詞依主詞人稱使用am, are, is。另一個常用動詞have，主詞第三人稱單數時用has。
  - 表示存在的狀態、現在發生的動作：
  - He is my uncle.
  - I am happy.
  - Jim opens the door.
  - 表示習慣：常配合頻率副詞 every, often, always, usually
  - He gets up at seven every morning.
  - He often writes homework after school.
  - He takes a walk after dinner every day.
  - 表示真理與事實：
  - The sun rises in the east.
  - The earth goes around the sun.
  - 也可代替未來式：如 go, come, leave, start, begin 等
  - He comes tomorrow morning.
  - He leaves next week.
  過去時間
  用來描述發生與結束均是於過去時間的事件、行為與動作。簡單過去式的句型，只要將簡單現在式中的主要動詞，更改成過去式動詞。形式：V-ed 或不規則變化。be動詞用was, were。一般動詞就不用在考慮主詞人稱問題，動詞用過去式。
  - 表示過去發生的動作：
  - I was happy yesterday.
  - Jim opened the door yesterday.
  - He went to America last May.
  未來時間
  用來描述未來發生的行為動作或出現的事件狀態。形式：will / shall + V 或be going to + V。在動詞前面加上will(將要)，它本身是個「助動詞」，而動詞要用原形動詞。
  - 表示未來發生的動作或狀態：
  - I will be happy.
  - Jim will open the door.
  - He will come tomorrow.
  - 未來式 will/shall 的相等語：
    be going to：
  - It is going to snow.
  - She is going to write to him.
  - be about to：
  - The show is about to begin.
  - We are not about to stop now.
- 進行式：
  現在時間
  用來描述在說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,如「正在...」表示。形式：am / is / are + Ving，現在式be動詞＋現在分詞。
  - He is doing homework.
  - It is running.
  - Jim is opening the door.
  過去時間
  用來描述在過去某一階段或某個時間點上正在進行的動作。形式：was / were + Ving，過去式be動詞＋現在分詞。
  - He was doing homework.
  - It was running.
  - Jim was opening the door when I came.
  未來時間
  用來描述在未來某一階段或某個時間點上正在進行的動作。形式：will be + Ving，will＋be動詞原型＋現在分詞。
  - He will be doing homework after dinner.
  - It will be running by the end of the summer.
  - Jim will be opening the door when I come.
- 完成式：
  現在時間
  用來描述從過去某個時間點開始到現在為止已完成或仍在持續的動作、狀態或經驗。形式：has / have + PP(過去分詞)
  - I have arrived.
  - Jim has opened the door.
  - He has watched television.
  - Jim has been America three times.
  過去時間
  用來描述在過去某段時間內已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。形式：had + PP(過去分詞)
  - I had arrived home when she came.
  - Jim had opened the door at that time.
  - He had watched television when I came.
  未來時間
  用來描述在未來某時刻前已經完成的動作。形式：will have + PP(過去分詞)
  - I will have finished homework tomorrow.
  - Jim will have opened the door when I come.
  - I will have worked here for 2 years by this time next week.
- 完成進行式：
  現在時間
  用來描述從過去某個時間點開始到現在仍在持續進行的動作。形式：has / have been + Ving
  - You have been waiting here for two hours.
  - Jim has been opening the door for an hour.
  - He has been watching too much television lately.
  - He has been working here for three years.
  過去時間
  用來描述在過去某時刻前就已經持續一段時間的動作或狀態，且該事件仍可能在繼續進行。形式：had been + Ving
  - They had been talking for over an hour before Jim arrived.
  - Jim had been opening the door for an hour when I came.
  - He had been crying for half an hour when I got there.
  - How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
  未來時間
  用來描述在未來某時刻前仍在繼續進行的動作。形式：will have been + Ving
  - You will have been waiting for over two hours when he arrives.
  - Jim will have been opening the door for an hour when I finally arrive.

語態：
- 因為完全不及物動詞，根本就沒有受詞的存在，所以根本無法形成被動語態，只能用主動的方式來說明句子的主詞的動作行為。因此完全不及物動詞是沒有，也無法有被動語態的。而完全及物動詞的句子，因為有受詞，所以可以把主動語態變成被動語態。
- 主動：
  主動語態表示句子的主詞是動作的執行者。主動語態是簡潔有力的，可以清楚的知道「誰」執行了這個動作。
  - I mailed a letter.
  - Jim opens the door.
  - Jim ate a cake.
- 被動：
  被動語態表示句子的主詞是動作的承受者。被動語態比較不直接的，當主詞未知或想強調動作的受詞，可以使用被動語態。把受詞變成主詞，把動詞改成 be動詞+過去分詞，把原主詞改成by片語。就形成主詞 (S) + Be 動詞 (be V) + 過去分詞(PP)，也可在之後加上by + N，補充說明主詞是以什麼樣的方式承受某種動作。
  - A letter was mailed by me.
  - The door is opened by Jim.
  - A cake was eaten by Jim.
  如果原來主動式的主詞為你我他（們）等人稱代名詞，變成by片語時，要由原本的主格改成受格。被動語態的使用往往配合了三種特殊情境：
  1. 強調被施受的主詞或是動作。
  2. 施受的主詞不確定。
  3. 為了上下文的轉折，使語氣更順暢。

語法:
- 直述法：
  肯定句
  表示意義的肯定敘述一個事實、情境、觀念等，其語意及句法皆與中文句子雷同。
  
  am I am happy.
  is He is happy.
  She is happy.
  My dog is happy.
  are You are happy.
  We are happy.
  She and I are happy.
  
  否定句
  否定句就是在be動詞的後面加上not。其他動詞的用法：助動詞 + not + 原形動詞。
  
  am I am not happy.
  is He is not happy.
  She is not happy.
  My dog is not happy.
  are You are not happy.
  We are not happy.
  She and I are not happy.
  
  疑問句
  把be動詞移到句首就是問句。通常用yes或no先回答，又叫Yes-No問句。其他動詞的用法：助動詞（如Do, Does, Did, Can, Could, Have, Has, etc) + 主詞 + 原形動詞。
  
  am Am I happy?
  is Is he happy?
  Is she happy?
  Is my dog happy?
  are Are you happy?
  Are we happy?
  Are she and I happy?
- 祈使句：
  表示請求、命令或禁止的句子。當我們使用「祈使句」時，是向「對方」下命令，或是說「要求對方」做某事，所以「祈使句」又叫做「命令句」。當我們在使用「祈使句」時，主詞you通常被省略，動詞要改為原形動詞，如am, are, is的原形動詞是be。
  - Sit down. 坐下
  - Open the window. 打開窗戶
- 假設句：
  所謂的假設語氣就是表達「與事實相反」的語氣，並藉由「動詞時態的改變」來表達。 假設語氣：不能用現在式、動詞時態往後退一步、be動詞一律用were。
  與現在事實相反
  If + S1 + 過去式/were …, S + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞 …
  - If I had money, I would buy her the book.
  - If I were rich, I would buy that car.
  與過去事實相反
  If + S1 + 過去完成式(had+PP) …, S + would/should/could/might + have + PP …
  - If I had had money last year, I would have bought her the book.
  與未來事實相反
  表示「萬一」： If + S1 + should + 原形動詞 …, S + 助動詞 + 原形動詞 …
  - If it should rain tomorrow, you don’t expect me.
  表示「絕對不可能」：If + S1 + were to + 原形動詞 …, S + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞 …
  - If the sun were to rise in the west, I would go to the movie with you.

一致性：
- 主詞是單數「你、我」 I like dog.
  You watch TV.
  You play.
  主詞是第三人稱單數 He likes dog.
  She watches TV.
  My dog plays.
  主詞是複數 They like dog.
  She and I watch TV.
  He and his dog play.

不定詞：
- 「不定詞」是非限定動詞，就是「to + 原形動詞」。其形式固定，不受主詞的人稱和數限制，並可當名詞、形容詞、副詞等用。在同一個句子中，若有第二個動詞出現時，則該第二個動詞可以改成不定詞。
  - He wants to make friends with you.
- 當名詞：
  不定詞當名詞用時，可當作主詞、受詞或補語。
  - To get up early is good for health.
  - To see is to believe.
  - He is about to go home.
  - Our teacher does not allow us to talk in class room.
- 當形容詞：
  不定詞可作形容詞的限定用法，該不定詞的動詞必須為及物動詞，置於所修飾的名詞之後。
  - There is nothing to eat.
  - I have many things to do.
- 當副詞：
  不定詞當作副詞用時，可以修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞。通常都是為了說明目的、結果、理由等。
  - I keep a dog to watch my house.
  - I am glad to meet you.
  - He's sorry to be late.
  - He will go to see the doctor.
- 疑問不定詞：
  疑問詞(what, where, which, when, how, whether)加上不定詞可以構成疑問不定詞名詞片語，當做主詞、受詞、及主詞補語用。當主詞用時，表示一個事件，後面接單數動詞。
  - I don't know what to do.
  - I don't know where to go.
  - I don't know which to see.
  - I don't know when to leave.
  - I don't know how to do it.
  - I don't know whether to stay or not.
- 須接不定詞的動詞：
  ask, allow, decide, force, get, have to, hope, invite, learn, need, order, plan, promise, prepare, seem, teach, tell, want, wish, would like

動名詞：
- 動名詞和現在分詞是動詞加上ing形成，含有主動的意味，但用法卻完全不同。現在分詞是當作形容詞用。動名詞則有名詞的性質，在句中可作主詞、受詞等，又有動詞的性質，可以帶有受詞，補語或由副詞等修飾。
- 當名詞：
  動名詞後用單數動詞，但兩個動名詞以上時用複數動詞。
  - Jogging is good for your health.
  - Smoking is a bad habit.
  - Skiing and skating are good winter sports.
- 當受詞：
  動名詞作及物動詞的受詞，或作介系詞的受詞用。介系詞通常不用不定詞作為受詞。
  - I like jogging.
  - I am tired of eating fish every day.
  - He is good at driving cars.
- 當補語：
  動名詞可置於be動詞後當主詞補語。
  - His hobby is collecting stamp.
  - Teaching is learning.
- 當形容詞：
  - His job is a dancing teacher.
  - There is a smoking room.
- 須接動名詞的動詞：
  admit, appreciate, avoid, be used to, can't help, consider, enjoy, finish, feel like, have fun, imagine, give up, keep, look forward to, mind, miss, practice, prevent, quit, spend, waste

現在分詞、過去分詞：
- 現在分詞是動詞加上ing當作形容詞用，含有主動的意味，表示一個動作正在做或正在進行。過去分詞是動詞原式加d/ed的規則形和其他不規則形，含有被動的意味。
  - She is washing the table.
  - They are reading in the class.
  - Dinner was cooked by mom.
  - The book was written by Jim.
  情緒動詞「使...」，須以事物當主詞，可用現在分詞Ving表令人覺得...，可用過去分詞PP表感到...。
  - The story is interesting to me.
  - I am interested in the story.

助動詞：
- 主要助動詞：
  為了表達否定、疑問或其他時態及語態方面的意義時，要在句中使用助動詞來協助動詞表達。
  - Jim does not go to school every day. （否定句）
  - Does Jim go to school every day? （問句）
  - Jim has read that book. （完成式）
  - Jim is listening to the radio. （進行式）
  - The cake was eaten by Jim. （被動語態）
- 語氣助動詞：
  為了表達某種特定的語氣而使用的助動詞稱為「語氣助動詞」。
  - Can I use the telephone? （許可）
  - Jim may be in the class room. （可能）
  - Jim will visit us next weekend. （意圖）
  - You must see us again next summer. （必要）

am	I am happy.
is	He is happy.
She is happy.
My dog is happy.
are	You are happy.
We are happy.
She and I are happy.

am	I am not happy.
is	He is not happy.
She is not happy.
My dog is not happy.
are	You are not happy.
We are not happy.
She and I are not happy.

am	Am I happy?
is	Is he happy?
Is she happy?
Is my dog happy?
are	Are you happy?
Are we happy?
Are she and I happy?

主詞是單數「你、我」	I like dog.
You watch TV.
You play.
主詞是第三人稱單數	He likes dog.
She watches TV.
My dog plays.
主詞是複數	They like dog.
She and I watch TV.
He and his dog play.

be 動詞：

be動詞是英文中常用的動詞之一，用來表達一種狀態、一種實際的情形。通常與名詞或形容詞合用。

現在式	am	I	I am happy.
	is	he, she, it, 第三人稱單數	He is happy.
			She is happy.
			My dog is happy.
	are	you, we, they, 主詞為複數	You are happy.
			We are happy.
			She and I are happy.
過去式	was	I, he, she, it, 第三人稱單數	I was happy yesterday.
			She was happy yesterday.
			My dog was happy yesterday.
	were	you, we, they, 主詞為複數	You were happy yesterday.
			We were happy yesterday.
			She and I were happy yesterday.

連綴動詞：
- 連綴動詞是用來「連接、點綴主詞」的動詞，故會在連綴動詞後加上「形容詞」做主詞補語。主詞+連綴動詞+主詞補語。
- 連綴動詞的分類：
  1. be 動詞。
    
    I am a student.
  2. get、become、turn 表示「轉變、轉換」的動詞。
    
    The traffic light turns green.
  3. sound（聽起來）、look（看起來）、smell（聞起來）、taste（嘗起來）表示「當下的狀態或感覺」的動詞。
    
    Your idea sounds good.
    
    She looks beautiful.
  4. 連綴動詞也可以加上like(像，介系詞)，後面須接名詞，如feel like + N 解釋成看起來像什麼。
    
    The dog look like a cat.

感官動詞：
- 感官動詞指感覺器官的動詞，常見有「看」和「聽」hear, see, watch。感官動詞的後面動詞，可以是「原形動詞」陳述事實，也可以是「現在分詞」(V-ing) 的形式，強調過程。
  - I saw him drink a cup of coffee.
  - I saw him drinking a cup of coffee.

使役動詞：
- 使役動詞的特色就是要求某人做什麼事情，帶有強烈語氣迫使別人做事情，有命令、要求、請求、讓、叫、幫忙的味道。常見有make, have, let, get, help等。又以 make 語氣最為強列再者就是 have。使役動詞有強迫某人做事，因此後面的動詞用原型動詞。主詞+使役動詞(make, have, let, get, help)+人/動物+原型動詞。要特別注意，很多人會把使役動詞後面須接原型動詞與一般動詞後面須接不定詞的動詞容易造成混淆。
  - The teacher made Jim get his book.
  這兩個一般動詞want及ask並不是使役動詞，其後的動詞要接不定詞。
  - The teacher wanted Jim to get his book.

授與動詞：
- 後面要接兩個受詞，以表示授與行為的動詞，常見有：
  
  用to bring帶、give給、read讀、sell賣、send寄、show秀、tell告訴、write寫
  用for find找、buy買、bring帶、cook煮、draw畫
  
  口訣：找櫻櫻美黛子畫
  
  用of ask問、beg求
  
  授與動詞後面先接人在接物就不需要有介系詞，如果先接物在接人就要有介系詞。
  - I buy a flower for Mary. = I buy Mary a flower.
  - He asked a question of me. = He asked me a question.

用to	bring帶、give給、read讀、sell賣、send寄、show秀、tell告訴、write寫
用for	find找、buy買、bring帶、cook煮、draw畫口訣：找櫻櫻美黛子畫
用of	ask問、beg求

情緒動詞：

情緒動詞「使...」，須以事物當主詞，可用現在分詞Ving表令人覺得...，可用過去分詞PP表感到...。

boring	令人覺得無聊的	bored	感到無聊的
exciting	令人興奮的	excited	感到興奮的
interesting	令人覺得有趣的	interested	感到有趣的
scaring	令人害怕的	scared	感到害怕的
surprising	令人驚訝的	surprised	感到驚訝的
tiring	令人厭倦的	tired	感到厭倦的
touching	令人感動的	touched	感到感動的
worrying	令人擔心的	worried	感到擔心的

V：意思為使...感到。

Everything interests me.

The ball game excited all the fans.

Ving：意思為令人覺得...。用法：和名詞搭配用，形容事物。

Everything is interesting (to me).

The ball game was interesting.

Ved：意思為某人感到...。用法：和人搭配用，表示情緒。

I am interested in everything.

All the fans were excited at the ball game.

花費動詞：
- spend 的用法：
  主詞必須是「人」，可用於花費「時間」或「金錢」。動詞三態為：spend、spent、spent。
  句型：S + spend/spent + 時間/金錢 + Ving/on N.
  - I spent three hundred dollars buying the book.
  - I spent three hundred dollars on the book.
  - I spent three hours finishing the work.
- take 的用法：
  只能表達花費「時間」。動詞三態為：take、took、taken。
  句型1：Ving/N. + take/took + 人 + 時間
  - The homework took me three hours.
  句型2：It + takes/took + 人 + 時間 + to V.
  - It took Jim three hours to finish the work.
- cost 的用法：
  只能用於花費「金錢」。動詞三態為：cost、cost、cost
  句型1：Ving/N. + cost + 人 + 金錢
  - The cake costs me two dollars.
  句型2：It + cost + 人 + 金錢 + to V.
  - It costs Jim one hundred dollars to buy the shoes.

(繼續閱讀...)

greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

▲top

Oct 26 Mon 2015 14:59
[常考重點整理] 副詞 adverb

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

定義：
- 副詞是句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的字，也可用來修飾名詞、片語、子句或整個句子。

副詞用法：
- 修飾動詞：
  - He walks quietly.
  - He drives slowly.
- 修飾形容詞：
  - That is too bad.
  - She is very pretty.
- 修飾副詞：
  - She runs very fast.
  - He speak English very well.
- 修飾片語：
  - The accident happened just now.
  - They arrived exactly at ten.
- 修飾子句：
  - She was born soon after her father went abroad.
  - We went out soon after we had finished our work.
- 修飾句子：
  - Luckily, we won the game.
  - Unfortunately, it rained all day.

副詞種類：
- 時間副詞：
  today, tomorrow, yesterday, this week, this Sunday, the other day, this month, last night, the night before last, last week, last year, before等
  - I get up early.
  - I have already done my homework.
- 地方副詞：
  here, there, near, far, downstairs, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, home, abroad等
  - We go there.
  - I have seen you somewhere before.
- 頻率副詞：
  always, usually, generally, often, once, twice, many, several times, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually等
  - We often go to the movies.
  - We visit them twice a week.
- 程度副詞：
  very, much, little, more, less, most, enough, too, just, entirely, rather, fairly, somewhat, almost, hardly, only等
  - He feels much better today.
  - He only listens to his mother.
- 否定副詞：
  no, never, barely, rarely, hardly等
  - She has little time to eat her lunch.
  - She hardly visits us when she came.
- 情狀副詞：
  well, hard, fast, slow, quickly, slowly, really等
  - He did his homework well.
  - He studies harder than I do.
- 普通副詞：
  together, well, carefully等
  - I keep my books all together, so they're easy to find.
  - The nurse looks after the babies carefully.
- 疑問副詞：
  when, where, how, why等
  - Where does she live?
  - How do you go to school?
- 連接副詞：
  therefore, furthermore, however, otherwise, besides, in addition等
  - I worked very hard; therefore, I got promoted.
  - I don't want to go there, furthermore, I have no time to do so.
- 關係副詞：
  where, when, why, how等
  - Where there is a will, there is a way.
  - Tell me the reason why you didn't attend school.

比較等級：
- 副詞中的情狀副詞有三級的變化(形容詞中也有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞三級的變化)
- 原級：
  既未變化的副詞原形，例如：fast, sweetly, hardly等，用 as … as, so … as 比較。
  A + V + as adv as + B → A和B 一樣～
  - She runs as fast as he in this class.
  - I work as hard as John does.
- 比較級：
  既副詞-er或more+副詞，例如：faster, more sweetly等，用 … than … 比較。
  A + V + adv-er / more adv + than B → A比B還～
  - She runs faster of the two.
  - I learned more quickly than he did.
- 最高級：
  既副詞-est或most+副詞，例如：fastest, most sweetly等。
  A + V + the most / the best / adv-est → A最～
  - I run fastest in the team.
  - He sings most sweetly in his class.

三級的變化:
- 規則變化：
  單音節及大部分的兩音節副詞＋er→比較級，＋est→最高級
  
  原級
  比較級
  最高級
  fast
  faster
  fastest
  hard
  harder
  hardest
  
  兩個以上音節用more+副詞→比較級，most+副詞→最高級
  
  原級
  比較級
  最高級
  often
  more often
  most often
  carefully
  more carefully
  most carefully
  kindly
  more kindly
  most kindly
- 不規則變化：
  
  原級
  比較級
  最高級
  little
  littler
  littlest
  far
  farther
  farthest

原級	比較級	最高級
fast	faster	fastest
hard	harder	hardest

原級	比較級	最高級
often	more often	most often
carefully	more carefully	most carefully
kindly	more kindly	most kindly

原級	比較級	最高級
little	littler	littlest
far	farther	farthest

(繼續閱讀...)

greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

▲top

Oct 26 Mon 2015 14:54
[常考重點整理] 五大句型

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

五大句型定義：
- 句型就是句子構成的形式。而句子是由不同詞類的單詞，按照一定的語法規則組合在一起，表達一個完整意思的語言單位。基本句型包括：
  1. 主詞 + 動詞（S+V）
  2. 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞（S+V+O）
  3. 主詞 + 動詞 + 補語（S+V+C）
  4. 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞1 + 受詞2 （S+V+O1+O2）
  5. 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 補語（S+V+O+C）
- S = subject
  是句子所要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體。主詞的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以擔當主詞的有名詞、代名詞、不定詞、動名詞和子句。
  - Walls have ears.
  - He will take you to the hospital.
  - To see is to believe.
  - Smoking is not allowed in public places.
- V = verb
  是說明主詞的動作或狀態的句子成分。位置一般在主詞之後。
  - He wins the game.
- O = object
  是動作的承受者。受詞一般放在及物動詞之後。英語介詞後也會跟受詞。可作受詞的有名詞、代名詞、動名詞等。不定詞也可作及物動詞的受詞。
  - She covered her face with her hands.
  - We haven't seen her for a long time.
- C = complement
  說明主詞的身份、特徵和狀態的，它的位置在動詞之後。可作補語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞與分詞、不定詞、片語、副詞等。
  - My father is a professor.

主詞S+動詞V：

主詞S+動詞V+受詞O：

主詞S+動詞V+補語C：

主詞S+動詞V+受詞O1+受詞O2：

主詞S+動詞V+受詞O+補語C：

(繼續閱讀...)

greenhill33 發表在痞客邦留言(0) 人氣()

個人分類：英文文法

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Oct 23 Fri 2015 16:03
[常考重點整理] 感嘆詞 interjection

body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
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div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
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box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
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div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
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ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}

感嘆詞定義：
- 感嘆詞 (interjection)是表示喜怒哀樂等情緒的詞，或者用於呼喚他人，或用於引起對方的注意。感嘆詞不同於其他詞類並沒有文法上的關係。

感嘆詞用法：

情緒聲：
Ah! 啊呀，Hurrah! 萬歲，Lo! 瞧，Bravo! 好啊，Ha! 哈，Aha! 阿哈，Hi 嗨，Oh 瞭解，Ouch! 疼，Oops 哎呦，Wow! 驚喜
- Hi, how are you?
- Hurrah! We won the game.
- Aha! So you took the money!
- Oh, you wanted sugar, not milk.
- Ouch, that hurts!
- Oops, I knocked your cup over
- Wow! Can we try it?

動物叫聲：

動物	叫聲
Bat	Screech
Bear	Growl
Bee	Buzz
Bird	Chirrup, Twitter, Tweet
Camel	Grunt
Cat	Mew, Meow
Chicken	Cluck, Cackle
Cow	Low, Moo
Deer	Bell
Dog	Bark
Donkey	Bray
Duck	Quack
Eagle	Scream
Elephant	Trumpet, Roar
Fox	Bark, Yelp
Frog	Croak
Goat	Bleat
Hen	Cackle, Cluck
Horse	Neigh, Snort, Whinny
Kangaroo	Chortle
Koala	Scream, Bellow, Wail
Lion	Roar, Growl
Mouse	Squeak
Monkey	Gibber, Whoop
Mosquito	Whine
Owl	Hoot
Pig	Oink, Snort
Pigeon	Coo
Sheep	Bleat
Snake	Hiss
Tiger	Growl, Roar
Turkey	Gobble
Wolf	Howl

感嘆片語：
- Good Heavens!
- Go on!
- Look out!
- My goodness!
- Thank God!
- Well done!

感嘆句：
句型一：What + N + (S + V)!
- What a mess!
- What a surprise!
- What a pity!
- What fools they are!
句型二：What + a/an + 形容詞 + N(單數) + S + V!
- What a pretty girl she is!
- What a clean house you have!
- What an intersting story it is!
- What a beautiful picture it is!
句型三：What + 形容詞 + N(複數) + S + V!
- What nice shoes you're wearing!
- What big ears you have!
- What clever boys they are!
- What beautiful weather we have!
句型四：How + 形容詞或副詞 + N + V!
- How pretty she is!
- How cold it is!
- How tall the boy is!
- How fast he drives!
句型五：How + 形容詞 + a/an + N(單數) + S + V!
- How tall a boy he is!
- How cute a puppy it is!
- How beautiful a girl she is!
- How sweet an apple it tastes!
句型六：How + S + V!
- How he worked!
- How he snores!
- How she sings!
- How your mother missed you!
感嘆句跟疑問句不一樣，疑問句要把主詞與動詞倒裝。
- How pretty she is! 感嘆句
- How pretty is she? 疑問句