線上自動生成 農曆生日 匯入到google的通知提醒，可以到2100年。
用法(Windows)：
用法(Windows)：
- 5月 23 週二 201717:28
線上自動生成 農曆生日 匯入到google的通知提醒
- 11月 16 週一 201511:10
[常考重點整理] 連接詞 conjunction
body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
定義： 連接詞 (conjunction)是連接詞類、詞性和相等的文法單位時，用連接詞。基本上可分「對等連接詞」和「從屬連接詞」。
對等連接詞： 單字對等連接詞： and, but, or, so, nor, for, yet, then
- You, he and I are in the same class.
- He is rich, but he is not happy.
- Do you like yellow or red?
- Mary cheated on the exam so she got a zero.
關連對等連接詞： both … and … 二者都, either … or … 二者之一, neither … nor … 兩者皆不, not only … but also … 不但…而且…
- They have both the money and the time.
- Either you or I have to finish the work.
- I can neither read nor write.
- Not only the teacher but also her students like the movie.
對等連接詞是連接對等關係的詞、片語、子句，如and / or / because / so... 作用在將兩個句子連結起來，以形成一個「合句」。就是一個包含了兩個子句的長句，強調兩個句子之間的邏輯關係。
從屬連接詞： -
名詞子句: 從屬連接詞所引導的子句在複句中當名詞用時，就稱為名詞子句。
that
- That the earth is round is true.
- That I love you is true.
- Don’t tell the others that I am going to Taipei next week.
If, whether
- I am not sure if he will come tomorrow.
- I am not sure whether he will come or not.
- Tell me whether or not I should invite him.
疑問副詞 when, where, why, how
- When you come visit me is important to me.
- This is where we used to play.
- Why he divorced her doesn’t matter.
- Never ask people how old they are.
副詞子句: 表示時間 when, while, before, after, as, till, since等。
- We will eat when he comes back.
- Finish your breakfast before you go to school.
表示地點 where, wherever等。
- He is very happy where he is now.
- You can go wherever you like.
表示原因 because, as, since等。
- Because it rained, I stayed at home yesterday evening.
- Because I was sick yesterday, I didn’t do my homework.
表示狀態 as, like, in the way等。
- The conditions are as follows.
- He behaves in the same way I used to.
表示目的 so that, in order to等。
- I must finish the report so that I can go on a trip.
- They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints.
表示結果 so … that等。
- The computer is so expensive that I can't buy it.
- I arrived early so that I got a good seat.
表示條件 if, unless等。
- If it is fine tomorrow, we will go jogging.
- If it rains tomorrow, Jim will stay at home.
表示讓步 although, though, while等。
- Though he is old, he still has to work.
- Though she hid the key in the drawer, we still found it finally.
表示比較 than, as...as, the...the等。
- She is more beautiful than Mary.
- The more I read, the more I found this book interesting.
形容詞子句: 形容詞子句是由關係代名詞所引導的子句,具形容詞性質，用以修飾先行詞，又稱關係子句
先行詞 主格 受格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which * 人/物 that that * 關係代名詞的人稱、數、詞性必須和其先行詞一致。
- This is the teacher who teaches us English.
- This is the dog which always causes trouble.
關係代名詞 what, whoever, whatever 兼有前述詞與關係代名詞的作用，成為複合關係代名詞，使用時，前面不另加前述詞。
- This is not what I want = This is not the thing which I want.
先行詞前面有特別修飾語時，須用關係代名詞 that，而不可用 who 或 which 等。
- Jim was the first man that I fell in love with.
- This is the same watch that I have lost.
- All the books that talk about socialism are sold out.
關係代名詞當及物動詞的受詞時，該關係代名詞可省略。
- Everything (that) he touched became gold.
從屬連接詞只能連接子句，如however / therefore / nevertheless / on the other hand... 是具有連接詞功能的副詞，通常用來轉折語氣，以強調上下文的關係，但並不是真的將兩個句子連結成一個合句。
- 11月 16 週一 201511:07
[常考重點整理] 介系詞 preposition
body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
定義： - 介系詞 (preposition)又叫前置詞，放在名詞、代名詞或名詞相等語之前，表示它後面的名詞與句子中其他字之間的關係。
- 介系詞 (preposition)又叫前置詞，放在名詞、代名詞或名詞相等語之前，表示它後面的名詞與句子中其他字之間的關係。
介系詞的種類： 簡單介系詞：
只有一字的介系詞，如：in, at, for, since等- The two brothers study in the same class.
- It's been ten years since they married.
二重介系詞：
由兩個介系詞組成，如：until after(直至...之後), from among(從...當中)- I delayed the plan until after I put the details.
- They went out from among us.
片語介系詞：
兩個以上的字形成一個片語當介系詞用，如：as for(至於), out of(出自), according to(根據), because of(因為), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果)- As for my past, I'm not telling you anything.
- In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.
分詞介系詞：
如：regarding(關於), considering(考慮到), including(包括)。- He knew nothing regarding the case.
- Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.
- There are ten people including you.
介系詞的受詞： - 介系詞後面的名詞或代系詞叫做介系詞受語。介系詞的受詞通常是名詞、代名詞、動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子句等。
名詞作受詞： - The picture is on the wall.
- She is afraid of dogs.
代名詞作受詞： - She looks like you.
- She stood in front of me.
動名詞作受詞： - She is afraid of making new friends.
- All runners should know about running.
形容詞作受詞： - His answer is far from honest.
副詞作受詞： - She came back to Taipei from abroad.
片語作受詞： - They failed to agree on where to spend their holidays.
子句作受詞： - It depends on whether he will buy the house.
- I quite agree with what you say.
- 介系詞後面的名詞或代系詞叫做介系詞受語。介系詞的受詞通常是名詞、代名詞、動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子句等。
介系詞的位置： - 位於動詞之後，表示位置或方向
- He lives in Taipei.
- He went into the kitchen.
- 位於句首,表示突出、對照或倒裝
- In the garden everything was so beautiful.
- Behind me lay the fields.
- On the desk is a bag.
- 位於名詞之後，用於限制前面的名詞
- The apple on the plate is for you.
- He is an expert at troubleshooting.
- 位於動詞之後，表示位置或方向
介系詞的意義分類： 表示時間：
about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within.表示地點：
about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near.- We live at an old town.
- They went through the park.
at ：指位置的某一點- They built a nest at the top of the tree.
- There's a police station at the end of the street.
on ：指在位置的某一平面上或表面- How beautiful the moonlight on the lake is!
- What's that black mark on the ceiling?
- You used to have a picture on the wall, didn't you?
in ：用於比較大的地點- This is the only shop in the village.
- He enjoys traveling in every quarter of the globe.
表示方式：
by bus ：乘公共汽車
see with one's own eyes ：親眼看...
write in ink ：用墨水寫...
on foot ：步行，徒步表示原因：
for ：He was punished for stealing.
from ：suffer from a cold
of ：be ashamed of
with ：shake with cold表示關於：
about ：關於（一般情況）
on ：關於（理論，學術）
of ：a long story of adventure表示比較：
as ：His face is as black as coal.
like ：He saw a number of small hard things like stones.表示除外：
but ：He works every day but Sunday.
except ：We all went except Tom.
except for ：The letter is good except for the spelling.
besides ：Besides English, he studies German and French.表示條件：
with ：With all his faults, I like him.
without ：Man cannot live without water.表示結果：
to ：She tore the letter to pieces.表示對於：
for ：Sea air is good for the health.
to ：To her it was all unusual.
- 11月 16 週一 201511:04
[常考重點整理] 名詞 noun
body {
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
定義： - 名詞是用來表示人、動物、東西或地點的名稱。
格的功能： 主格的用法： - 做「主詞」：Joe likes apples.
- 做「主詞補語」：He is Joe.
- 做「主詞同位語」：My brother, Joe, is a good student.
- 做「稱呼語」：Let the dog out, Joe.
受格的用法： - 做「及物動詞的受詞」：He kissed the girl.
- 做「介系詞受詞」：Joe is sitting on a chair.
- 做「不定詞受詞」：You ought to help Joe.
- 做「動名詞受詞」：I enjoy helping Joe.
- 做「受詞補語」：We made him angry.
- 做「受詞同位語」：He is my cousin, Joe.
所有格的用法： - 「單數」：Joe's dog
- 「複數」：the girls' dog
- 「複合名詞」：brother-in-law's dog
- 「沒生命」：the door of the house
數與種類： - 包括普通名詞、集合名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞。
可數的名詞： - 普通名詞：a girl, a dog, an hour
- 集合名詞：people, a family, a school
不可數的名詞： - 物質名詞：water, milk, gold, air
- 抽象名詞：sleep, advice, freedom, truth
- 專有名詞：Tokyo, China, Taipei, the White House
- 包括普通名詞、集合名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞。
名詞變化： 規則變化： - 一般在詞尾加s，day→days, boy→boys
- 以s,ss,x,z,sh,ch結尾的,加es，dish→dishes, box→boxes
- 以子音字母加y結尾的,改y為i,再加es，story→stories
- 一般以f或fe結尾的,變f或fe為ves，leaf→leaves
- 以子音字母加o結尾的,一般加es，potato→potatoes
不規則變化： - 改變內部母音字母，man→men, tooth→teeth
- 加詞尾en或ren，child→children
- 單複數同形，sheep→sheep
性： -
性 範例 陽性 man, boy, brother 陰性 woman, girl, sister 通性 friend, child, teacher 中性 desk, house, book
-
- 11月 16 週一 201510:59
[常考重點整理] 形容詞 adjective
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定義： - 形容詞 (adjective)是用來修飾名詞，表示名詞屬性的詞，如 yellow，strong。一般放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如 public relations，young girl。
- 形容詞 (adjective)是用來修飾名詞，表示名詞屬性的詞，如 yellow，strong。一般放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如 public relations，young girl。
形容詞用法： 限定用法：
形容詞與所修飾的名詞或代名詞在位置上為相鄰，且該形容詞直接修飾這個名詞或代名詞時，即為限定用法。- It is a wooden table.
- This is a red flower.
- Something strange happened.
敘述用法：
形容詞如作為補語用，間接修飾名詞或代名詞時，即為敘述用法。- She is beautiful.
- Everyone think her beautiful.
the+形容詞：
the+形容詞=複數名詞，需用複數動詞。- The rich are not always happy. = The rich people are not always happy.
形容詞種類： 代名形容詞：
某些「代名詞」可以轉用做「形容詞」使用，我們統稱之為代名形容詞代名 範例說明 所有形容詞 my book, their teacher 疑問形容詞 which book, what time, whose sun 指示形容詞 this book, that girl 不定形容詞 some books, any money 數量形容詞： 數量 範例說明 修飾可數 many, few, a few, a number of 修飾不可數 much, little, a little, a sum, deal, amount of 都可修飾的 some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 數詞 one, two, three, first, second, half, quarter, once, twice 修飾形容詞： 修飾 範例說明 專有形容詞 Chinese, English 物質形容詞 wooden, gold, silver 性狀形容詞 good, black, young
比較等級： - 形容詞中只有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞才有三級的變化(副詞中的情狀副詞也有三級的變化)
原級：
既未變化的形容詞原形，例如：great, big, difficult等，用 as … as, so … as 比較。
A + am / are / is + as adj as B → A 和B 一樣～- Jim is as strong as I am.
- He is not so good as he was before.
比較級：
既形容詞-er或more+形容詞，單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞加er，兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用more+形容詞，例如：greater, bigger, more difficult等，用 … than … 比較。
A + am / are / is + adj-er + than B → A 比B 還～- He is taller than I am.
- He is much taller than I am.
- She is less beautiful than her mother.
- He is taller than all the other boys in his class.
最高級：
既形容詞-est或most+形容詞，單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞加est，兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用most+形容詞，例如：greatest, biggest, most difficult等。最高級為唯一，所以要加the。
A + am / are / is + the most / the best / adj-est（N）→ A 是最～的- He is the tallest of the three boys.
- He is the least tall of the three boys.
- She is the most beautiful of all the girls in her class.
- He is my youngest child.
常見比較級片語： 片語 中文意思 so soon as 一…就… no sonner … than 一…就… no longer 再也不… th …er the …er 越…越… more or less 多多少少…
- 形容詞中只有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞才有三級的變化(副詞中的情狀副詞也有三級的變化)
三級的變化: 規則變化：
單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞＋er→比較級，＋est→最高級原級 比較級 最高級 small smaller smallest rich richer richest long longer longest fast faster fastest old older oldest hard harder hardest big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest
兩個以上音節或結尾為(ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly)用more+形容詞→比較級，most+形容詞→最高級原級 比較級 最高級 useful more useful most useful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful careless more careless most careless dangerous more dangerous most dangerous comfortable more comfortable most comfortable 不規則變化： 原級 比較級 最高級 good better best well bad worse worst ill wrong many more most much little littler littlest old older oldest late later latest
- 11月 16 週一 201510:54
[常考重點整理] 代名詞 pronoun
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定義： - 代名詞就是英語語句中代替先前提及的名詞，以避免同樣的名詞被重複使用，包括人稱代名詞、不定代名詞、指示代名詞、疑問代名詞和關係代名詞。
代名詞 範例說明 人稱代名詞 如：I, you, they, it等 所有代名詞 如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等 反身代名詞 如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等 不定代名詞 如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等 指示代名詞 如：this, that, these, those, such, same等 疑問代名詞 如：who, whom, whose, which, what等 關係代名詞 如：who, whom, whose, which, that等
- 代名詞就是英語語句中代替先前提及的名詞，以避免同樣的名詞被重複使用，包括人稱代名詞、不定代名詞、指示代名詞、疑問代名詞和關係代名詞。
人稱代名詞： - 有人稱之區別的代名詞叫做「人稱代名詞」，其主要用途在於代替名詞。但它不只指人，也指事物。人稱基本上有第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱三種。
人稱 範例說明 第一人稱 說話者，I, my, me, we, our, us 第二人稱 說話的對象，you, your 第三人稱 其他的人或物，he, his, him, she, her, it, its, they, their, them 人稱代名詞(數性格)的區別： 單數 複數 主格 受格 主格 受格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 他 he him they them 她 she her they them 它 it it they them 不定 one one ones ones 人稱代名詞用法： - I am a teacher.
- He took her to be me.
- I know him.
- 有人稱之區別的代名詞叫做「人稱代名詞」，其主要用途在於代替名詞。但它不只指人，也指事物。人稱基本上有第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱三種。
所有代名詞： - 所有代名詞代替人稱代名詞的所有格(所有形容詞)和它所修飾的名詞。
形容詞性 名詞性 我的 my mine 你的 your yours 他的 his his 她的 her hers 它的 its its 我們的 our ours 你們的 your yours 他們的 their theirs
所有代名詞後不可接名詞,無論代替單數或複數名詞,都用相同形態。- This is my house.
- This is mine.
- 所有代名詞代替人稱代名詞的所有格(所有形容詞)和它所修飾的名詞。
反身代名詞： - 反身代名詞又稱複合人稱代名詞,表示自己,由人稱代名詞+self(單數),selves(複數)構成。
人稱 單數 複數 第一人稱 myself ourselves 第二人稱 yourself yourselves 他自己 himself themselves 她自己 herself 它自己 itself
反身代名詞的主格和受格的形式是一致的。- I myself did it.
- The man hurt himself.
- The candle light went out of itself.
- 反身代名詞又稱複合人稱代名詞,表示自己,由人稱代名詞+self(單數),selves(複數)構成。
不定代名詞： - 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代名詞。
數 不定代名詞 範例說明 一個 one I do not like this one. each Each student listens to the teacher. someone Someone is on the phone. something Everybody can do something. another I don’t like this coat, Show me another. 二個 both Both of his brothers are doctors. either You may take either of the two books. neither Neither of the girls likes to go with him. each other They often talk to each other on the phone. 多個 all That's all I know. one One of the boys plays computer games very well. none None is available. one another They all laugh at one another. everyone Everyone should be here in time tomorrow. anyone I don’t know anyone interesting. nobody Nobody can do everything. anything You can tell me anything. nothing I know nothing about it. any You can come any time. some I am going to get some ink. several Several of his classmates speak English well. most Most people have a house. many I have many books to give you. much There is not much ink in the bottle. few Few of the books are cheap now. little I have a little money to buy the book. other One is black and the other is white.
不定代名詞 all, both及each可置於一般名詞(當主詞或當受詞)後，用以加強語氣，亦可置於主要動詞、助動詞或be動詞後。- My parents both love dogs.
- 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代名詞。
指示代名詞： - 表示這個，那個，這些，那些以及it, such, same等詞，指稱特定的人或事物的代名詞叫做「指示代名詞」。
指示代名詞 範例說明 this This is a book. that That is a red car. these These are cars. those Those are trees. such Such is the case. same I bought a dress and she bought the same.
指示代名詞 this 和 that 可以用來代替前面所提過的語句。- I did not go. This made him very angry.
指示代名詞 that 和 those可以用來代替前面所提過的名詞，以避免重複- His taste is quite different from that of his brother's.
- 表示這個，那個，這些，那些以及it, such, same等詞，指稱特定的人或事物的代名詞叫做「指示代名詞」。
疑問代名詞： - 發問時為了表達「誰（who），誰 (whom），誰的（whose），什麼（what），哪個或哪些 (which) 」等稱為「疑問代名詞」。
格 疑問代名詞 範例說明 主格 who Who knows it? Mary does. which Which is mine? what What has happened? 受格 whom Whom did you meet? I met Mary. which Which do you like best? what What do you want? I want some food. 所有格 whose Whose is this hat? It's mine.
疑問代名詞通常放在句首。- Who is that men in white?
- What can I do for you?
直接問句中疑問詞 who 之後的主詞、動詞要調換位置。而在間接問句中，因為已有 do you know 表達了疑問意味，故 who 之後的主詞、動詞不須調換位置。- Which does he like?
- Do you know which he likes?
- 發問時為了表達「誰（who），誰 (whom），誰的（whose），什麼（what），哪個或哪些 (which) 」等稱為「疑問代名詞」。
關係代名詞： - 關係代名詞是用來引導來關係子句(從屬子句) 的關聯詞。兼有代名詞與連接詞作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞。
先行詞 主格 受格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which * 人/物 that that *
關係代名詞的人稱、數、詞性必須和其先行詞一致。- This is the teacher who teaches us English.
- This is the dog which always causes trouble.
關係代名詞 what, whoever, whatever 兼有前述詞與關係代名詞的作用，成為複合關係代名詞，使用時，前面不另加前述詞。- This is not what I want = This is not the thing which I want.
先行詞前面有特別修飾語時，須用關係代名詞 that，而不可用 who 或 which 等。- Jim was the first man that I fell in love with.
- This is the same watch that I have lost.
- All the books that talk about socialism are sold out.
關係代名詞當及物動詞的受詞時，該關係代名詞可省略。- Everything (that) he touched became gold.
- 關係代名詞是用來引導來關係子句(從屬子句) 的關聯詞。兼有代名詞與連接詞作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞。
- 10月 26 週一 201515:06
[常考重點整理] 動詞 verb
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ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
}
div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-o-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
div#menuWrapper {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
}
ul#mainMenu li {
list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
}
ul#mainMenu li#topItem {
display:block;
border-top:none;
border-top-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#centerItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
}
ul#mainMenu li#bottomItem {
display:block;
border-top:1px #d0cccc solid;
border-bottom-left-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
}
ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 {
display:block;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2.tl {
border-top:1px CornflowerBlue solid;
padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
background-color: DeepSkyBlue;
color: Ivory;
font-size:1.0em;
}
ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
}
table {
text-align: center;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
}
th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
定義： - 動詞 (verb)是表示動作或狀態的詞，每一個句子都有動詞，而且只有一個動詞。，如果需要有兩個以上的動詞一定要想辦法解決。
動詞用法： 及物動詞：
及物是指動詞後面接名詞 (N.), 也就是受詞 (O.), 在字典裡通常會標示為 Vt (t: transitive)及物動詞 範例 完全及物動詞 I like the boy. 不完全及物動詞 You make me happy.
完全及物動詞，其後必須接受詞意思才完整。
不完全及物動詞的受詞後面必須接補語意思才會完整。常見有：make, leave等。不及物動詞：
不及物則後面不接 N. 或 O., 而是接 副詞或介係詞. 在字典裡通常會標示為 Vi (i: intransitive)不及物動詞 範例 完全不及物動詞 Birds fly. 不完全不及物動詞 I live with my family.
完全不及物動詞，其後不需要接補語，意思已完整。
不完全不及物動詞亦稱為「連繫動詞」，後面須接補語。常見有：be, seem, look, become, appear, get等。
動詞變化： 規則： 規則變化 範例 V+ed ended, opened V字尾e+d liked, lived V字尾子音y-ied tried, studied V字尾母音y+ed stayed, obeyed V字尾短母音+子音-重複子音+ed stopped, rubbed 不規則： - 三型同型 A-A-A型
解釋 原形 過去式 過去分詞 賭 bet bet bet 吩咐 bid bid bid 花費 cost cost cost 切 cut cut cut 打擊 hit hit hit 傷害 hurt hurt hurt 讀 read read read 設置 set set set 流出 shed shed shed 關閉 shut shut shut 吐 spit spit spit 分離 split split split 傳播 spread spread spread 心煩 upset upset upset - 二式同形 A-A-B型
解釋 原形 過去式 過去分詞 打 beat beat beaten - 二式同形 A-B-A型
解釋 原形 過去式 過去分詞 成為 become became become 來 come came come 克服 overcome overcame overcome 跑 run ran run - 二式同形 A-B-B型
解釋 原形 過去式 過去分詞 彎 bend bent bent 綑綁 bind bound bound 流血 bleed bled bled 帶來 bring brought brought 建造 build built built 買 buy bought bought 捕 catch caught caught 爬行 creep crept crept 處理 deal dealt dealt 挖掘 dig dug dug 飼養 feed fed fed 感覺 feel felt felt 戰 fight fought fought 發現 find found found 逃 flee fled fled 得 get got got 研磨 grind ground ground 吊 hang hung hung 有 have/has had had 聽 hear heard heard 把握 hold held held 保持 keep kept kept 跪 kneel knelt knelt 放置 lay laid laid 領導 lead led led 學習 learn learned learned 離開 leave left left 借給 lend lent lent 失去 lose lost lost 做 make made made 意欲 mean meant meant 遇到 meet met met 付款 pay paid paid 說 say said said 尋求 seek sought sought 賣 sell sold sold 寄送 send sent sent 照耀 shine shone shone 射 shoot shot shot 坐 sit sat sat 睡 sleep slept slept 聞 smell smelt smelt 拼字 spell spelt spelt 花費 spend spent spent 紡織 spin spun spun 站立 stand stood stood 黏貼 stick stuck stuck 刺 sting stung stung 打擊 strike struck struck 掃 sweep swept swept 搖擺 swing swung swung 教 teach taught taught 告訴 tell told told 想 think thought thought 知道 understand understood understood 哭 weep wept wept 勝 win won won 捲動 wind wound wound - 三式不同形 A-B-C型
解釋 原形 過去式 過去分詞 生 bear bore born 開始 begin began begun 咬 bite bit bitten 吹 blow blew blown 打破 break broke broken 選擇 choose chose chosen 做 do did done 畫 draw drew drawn 喝 drink drank drunk 駕駛 drive drove driven 吃 eat ate eaten 落下 fall fell fallen 飛 fly flew flown 忘記 forget forgot forgotten 寬恕 forgive forgave forgiven 凍結 freeze froze frozen 給 give gave given 去 go went gone 生長 grow grew grown 躲藏 hide hid hidden 知道 know knew known 躺 lie lay lain 誤會 mistake mistook mistaken 騎乘 ride rode ridden 鳴鍾 ring rang rung 升起 rise rose risen 看 see saw seen 搖動 shake shook shaken 展出 show showed shown 唱 sing sang sung 下沉 sink sank sunk 說話 speak spoke spoken 跳躍 spring sprang sprung 偷 steal stole stolen 奮鬥 strive strove striven 發誓 swear swore sworn 游泳 swim swam swum 拿取 take took taken 撕裂 tear tore torn 投擲 throw threw thrown 穿 wear wore worn 編織 weave wove woven 寫 write wrote written
- 三型同型 A-A-A型
時態： 簡單式：
現在時間
簡單現在式表示現在發生的事件、動作、狀態、習慣或存在的真理與事實。 形式：V, V-s, V-es 或 V-ies。一般動詞用原形，如果主詞是「第三人稱單數」後面動詞要加「s」或「es」。be 動詞依主詞人稱使用am, are, is。另一個常用動詞have，主詞第三人稱單數時用has。- 表示存在的狀態、現在發生的動作：
- He is my uncle.
- I am happy.
- Jim opens the door.
- 表示習慣：常配合頻率副詞 every, often, always, usually
- He gets up at seven every morning.
- He often writes homework after school.
- He takes a walk after dinner every day.
- 表示真理與事實：
- The sun rises in the east.
- The earth goes around the sun.
- 也可代替未來式：如 go, come, leave, start, begin 等
- He comes tomorrow morning.
- He leaves next week.
過去時間
用來描述發生與結束均是於過去時間的事件、行為與動作。簡單過去式的句型，只要將簡單現在式中的主要動詞，更改成過去式動詞。 形式：V-ed 或不規則變化。be動詞用was, were。一般動詞就不用在考慮主詞人稱問題，動詞用過去式。- 表示過去發生的動作：
- I was happy yesterday.
- Jim opened the door yesterday.
- He went to America last May.
未來時間
用來描述未來發生的行為動作或出現的事件狀態。 形式：will / shall + V 或be going to + V。在動詞前面加上will(將要)，它本身是個「助動詞」，而動詞要用原形動詞。- 表示未來發生的動作或狀態：
- I will be happy.
- Jim will open the door.
- He will come tomorrow.
- 未來式 will/shall 的相等語：
be going to： - It is going to snow.
- She is going to write to him.
- be about to：
- The show is about to begin.
- We are not about to stop now.
進行式：
現在時間
用來描述在說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,如「正在...」表示。 形式：am / is / are + Ving，現在式be動詞＋現在分詞。- He is doing homework.
- It is running.
- Jim is opening the door.
過去時間
用來描述在過去某一階段或某個時間點上正在進行的動作。 形式：was / were + Ving，過去式be動詞＋現在分詞。- He was doing homework.
- It was running.
- Jim was opening the door when I came.
未來時間
用來描述在未來某一階段或某個時間點上正在進行的動作。 形式：will be + Ving，will＋be動詞原型＋現在分詞。- He will be doing homework after dinner.
- It will be running by the end of the summer.
- Jim will be opening the door when I come.
完成式：
現在時間
用來描述從過去某個時間點開始到現在為止已完成或仍在持續的動作、狀態或經驗。 形式：has / have + PP(過去分詞)- I have arrived.
- Jim has opened the door.
- He has watched television.
- Jim has been America three times.
過去時間
用來描述在過去某段時間內已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。 形式：had + PP(過去分詞)- I had arrived home when she came.
- Jim had opened the door at that time.
- He had watched television when I came.
未來時間
用來描述在未來某時刻前已經完成的動作。 形式：will have + PP(過去分詞)- I will have finished homework tomorrow.
- Jim will have opened the door when I come.
- I will have worked here for 2 years by this time next week.
完成進行式：
現在時間
用來描述從過去某個時間點開始到現在仍在持續進行的動作。 形式：has / have been + Ving- You have been waiting here for two hours.
- Jim has been opening the door for an hour.
- He has been watching too much television lately.
- He has been working here for three years.
過去時間
用來描述在過去某時刻前就已經持續一段時間的動作或狀態，且該事件仍可能在繼續進行。 形式：had been + Ving- They had been talking for over an hour before Jim arrived.
- Jim had been opening the door for an hour when I came.
- He had been crying for half an hour when I got there.
- How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
未來時間
用來描述在未來某時刻前仍在繼續進行的動作。 形式：will have been + Ving- You will have been waiting for over two hours when he arrives.
- Jim will have been opening the door for an hour when I finally arrive.
語態： - 因為完全不及物動詞，根本就沒有受詞的存在，所以根本無法形成被動語態，只能用主動的方式來說明句子的主詞的動作行為。因此完全不及物動詞是沒有，也無法有被動語態的。而完全及物動詞的句子，因為有受詞，所以可以把主動語態變成被動語態。
主動：
主動語態表示句子的主詞是動作的執行者。主動語態是簡潔有力的，可以清楚的知道「誰」執行了這個動作。- I mailed a letter.
- Jim opens the door.
- Jim ate a cake.
被動：
被動語態表示句子的主詞是動作的承受者。被動語態比較不直接的，當主詞未知或想強調動作的受詞，可以使用被動語態。把受詞變成主詞，把動詞改成 be動詞+過去分詞，把原主詞改成by片語。就形成 主詞 (S) + Be 動詞 (be V) + 過去分詞(PP)，也可在之後加上by + N，補充說明主詞是以什麼樣的方式承受某種動作。- A letter was mailed by me.
- The door is opened by Jim.
- A cake was eaten by Jim.
如果原來主動式的主詞為你我他（們）等人稱代名詞，變成by片語時，要由原本的主格改成受格。 被動語態的使用往往配合了三種特殊情境：- 強調被施受的主詞或是動作。
- 施受的主詞不確定。
- 為了上下文的轉折，使語氣更順暢。
語法: 直述法：
肯定句
表示意義的肯定敘述一個事實、情境、觀念等，其語意及句法皆與中文句子雷同。am I am happy. is He is happy. She is happy. My dog is happy. are You are happy. We are happy. She and I are happy.
否定句
否定句就是在be動詞的後面加上not。其他動詞的用法：助動詞 + not + 原形動詞。am I am not happy. is He is not happy. She is not happy. My dog is not happy. are You are not happy. We are not happy. She and I are not happy.
疑問句
把be動詞移到句首就是問句。通常用yes或no先回答，又叫Yes-No問句。其他動詞的用法：助動詞（如Do, Does, Did, Can, Could, Have, Has, etc) + 主詞 + 原形動詞。am Am I happy? is Is he happy? Is she happy? Is my dog happy? are Are you happy? Are we happy? Are she and I happy? 祈使句：
表示請求、命令或禁止的句子。當我們使用「祈使句」時，是向「對方」下命令，或是說「要求對方」做某事，所以「祈使句」又叫做「命令句」。 當我們在使用「祈使句」時，主詞you通常被省略，動詞要改為原形動詞，如am, are, is的原形動詞是be。- Sit down. 坐下
- Open the window. 打開窗戶
假設句：
所謂的假設語氣就是表達「與事實相反」的語氣，並藉由「動詞時態的改變」來表達。 假設語氣：不能用現在式、動詞時態往後退一步、be動詞一律用were。
與現在事實相反
If + S1 + 過去式/were …, S + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞 …- If I had money, I would buy her the book.
- If I were rich, I would buy that car.
與過去事實相反
If + S1 + 過去完成式(had+PP) …, S + would/should/could/might + have + PP …- If I had had money last year, I would have bought her the book.
與未來事實相反
表示「萬一」： If + S1 + should + 原形動詞 …, S + 助動詞 + 原形動詞 …- If it should rain tomorrow, you don’t expect me.
表示「絕對不可能」：If + S1 + were to + 原形動詞 …, S + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞 …- If the sun were to rise in the west, I would go to the movie with you.
一致性： -
主詞是單數「你、我」 I like dog. You watch TV. You play. 主詞是第三人稱單數 He likes dog. She watches TV. My dog plays. 主詞是複數 They like dog. She and I watch TV. He and his dog play.
-
不定詞： - 「不定詞」是非限定動詞，就是「to + 原形動詞」。其形式固定，不受主詞的人稱和數限制，並可當名詞、形容詞、副詞等用。 在同一個句子中，若有第二個動詞出現時，則該第二個動詞可以改成不定詞。
- He wants to make friends with you.
當名詞：
不定詞當名詞用時，可當作主詞、受詞或補語。- To get up early is good for health.
- To see is to believe.
- He is about to go home.
- Our teacher does not allow us to talk in class room.
當形容詞：
不定詞可作形容詞的限定用法，該不定詞的動詞必須為及物動詞，置於所修飾的名詞之後。- There is nothing to eat.
- I have many things to do.
當副詞：
不定詞當作副詞用時，可以修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞。通常都是為了說明目的、結果、理由等。- I keep a dog to watch my house.
- I am glad to meet you.
- He's sorry to be late.
- He will go to see the doctor.
疑問不定詞：
疑問詞(what, where, which, when, how, whether)加上不定詞可以構成疑問不定詞名詞片語，當做主詞、受詞、及主詞補語用。當主詞用時，表示一個事件，後面接單數動詞。- I don't know what to do.
- I don't know where to go.
- I don't know which to see.
- I don't know when to leave.
- I don't know how to do it.
- I don't know whether to stay or not.
須接不定詞的動詞：
ask, allow, decide, force, get, have to, hope, invite, learn, need, order, plan, promise, prepare, seem, teach, tell, want, wish, would like
- 「不定詞」是非限定動詞，就是「to + 原形動詞」。其形式固定，不受主詞的人稱和數限制，並可當名詞、形容詞、副詞等用。 在同一個句子中，若有第二個動詞出現時，則該第二個動詞可以改成不定詞。
動名詞： - 動名詞和現在分詞是動詞加上ing形成，含有主動的意味，但用法卻完全不同。現在分詞是當作形容詞用。動名詞則有名詞的性質，在句中可作主詞、受詞等，又有動詞的性質，可以帶有受詞，補語或由副詞等修飾。
當名詞：
動名詞後用單數動詞，但兩個動名詞以上時用複數動詞。- Jogging is good for your health.
- Smoking is a bad habit.
- Skiing and skating are good winter sports.
當受詞：
動名詞作及物動詞的受詞，或作介系詞的受詞用。介系詞通常不用不定詞作為受詞。- I like jogging.
- I am tired of eating fish every day.
- He is good at driving cars.
當補語：
動名詞可置於be動詞後當主詞補語。- His hobby is collecting stamp.
- Teaching is learning.
當形容詞： - His job is a dancing teacher.
- There is a smoking room.
須接動名詞的動詞：
admit, appreciate, avoid, be used to, can't help, consider, enjoy, finish, feel like, have fun, imagine, give up, keep, look forward to, mind, miss, practice, prevent, quit, spend, waste
現在分詞、過去分詞： - 現在分詞是動詞加上ing當作形容詞用，含有主動的意味，表示一個動作正在做或正在進行。過去分詞是動詞原式加d/ed的規則形和其他不規則形，含有被動的意味。
- She is washing the table.
- They are reading in the class.
- Dinner was cooked by mom.
- The book was written by Jim.
情緒動詞「使...」，須以事物當主詞，可用現在分詞Ving表令人覺得...，可用過去分詞PP表感到...。- The story is interesting to me.
- I am interested in the story.
- 現在分詞是動詞加上ing當作形容詞用，含有主動的意味，表示一個動作正在做或正在進行。過去分詞是動詞原式加d/ed的規則形和其他不規則形，含有被動的意味。
助動詞： 主要助動詞：
為了表達否定、疑問或其他時態及語態方面的意義時，要在句中使用助動詞來協助動詞表達。- Jim does not go to school every day. （否定句）
- Does Jim go to school every day? （問句）
- Jim has read that book. （完成式）
- Jim is listening to the radio. （進行式）
- The cake was eaten by Jim. （被動語態）
語氣助動詞：
為了表達某種特定的語氣而使用的助動詞稱為「語氣助動詞」。- Can I use the telephone? （許可）
- Jim may be in the class room. （可能）
- Jim will visit us next weekend. （意圖）
- You must see us again next summer. （必要）
be 動詞： - be動詞是英文中常用的動詞之一，用來表達一種狀態、一種實際的情形。通常與名詞或形容詞合用。
現在式 am I I am happy. is he, she, it,
第三人稱單數He is happy. She is happy. My dog is happy. are you, we, they,
主詞為複數You are happy. We are happy. She and I are happy. 過去式 was I, he, she, it,
第三人稱單數I was happy yesterday. She was happy yesterday. My dog was happy yesterday. were you, we, they,
主詞為複數You were happy yesterday. We were happy yesterday. She and I were happy yesterday.
- be動詞是英文中常用的動詞之一，用來表達一種狀態、一種實際的情形。通常與名詞或形容詞合用。
連綴動詞： - 連綴動詞是用來「連接、點綴主詞」的動詞，故會在連綴動詞後加上「形容詞」做主詞補語。主詞+連綴動詞+主詞補語。
連綴動詞的分類：
- be 動詞。
- I am a student.
- get、become、turn 表示「轉變、轉換」的動詞。
- The traffic light turns green.
- sound（聽起來）、look（看起來）、smell（聞起來）、taste（嘗起來）表示「當下的狀態或感覺」的動詞。
- Your idea sounds good.
- She looks beautiful.
- 連綴動詞也可以加上like(像，介系詞)，後面須接名詞，如feel like + N 解釋成看起來像什麼。
- The dog look like a cat.
- be 動詞。
感官動詞： - 感官動詞指感覺器官的動詞，常見有「看」和「聽」hear, see, watch。 感官動詞的後面動詞，可以是「原形動詞」陳述事實，也可以是「現在分詞」(V-ing) 的形式，強調過程。
- I saw him drink a cup of coffee.
- I saw him drinking a cup of coffee.
- 感官動詞指感覺器官的動詞，常見有「看」和「聽」hear, see, watch。 感官動詞的後面動詞，可以是「原形動詞」陳述事實，也可以是「現在分詞」(V-ing) 的形式，強調過程。
使役動詞： - 使役動詞的特色就是要求某人做什麼事情，帶有強烈語氣迫使別人做事情，有命令、要求、請求、讓、叫、幫忙的味道。常見有make, have, let, get, help等。又以 make 語氣最為強列再者就是 have。 使役動詞有強迫某人做事，因此後面的動詞用原型動詞。主詞+使役動詞(make, have, let, get, help)+人/動物+原型動詞。要特別注意，很多人會把使役動詞後面須接原型動詞與一般動詞後面須接不定詞的動詞容易造成混淆。
- The teacher made Jim get his book.
這兩個一般動詞want及ask並不是使役動詞，其後的動詞要接不定詞。- The teacher wanted Jim to get his book.
- 使役動詞的特色就是要求某人做什麼事情，帶有強烈語氣迫使別人做事情，有命令、要求、請求、讓、叫、幫忙的味道。常見有make, have, let, get, help等。又以 make 語氣最為強列再者就是 have。 使役動詞有強迫某人做事，因此後面的動詞用原型動詞。主詞+使役動詞(make, have, let, get, help)+人/動物+原型動詞。要特別注意，很多人會把使役動詞後面須接原型動詞與一般動詞後面須接不定詞的動詞容易造成混淆。
授與動詞： - 後面要接兩個受詞，以表示授與行為的動詞，常見有：
用to bring帶、give給、read讀、sell賣、send寄、show秀、tell告訴、write寫 用for find找、buy買、bring帶、cook煮、draw畫 - 口訣：找櫻櫻美黛子畫
用of ask問、beg求
授與動詞後面先接人在接物就不需要有介系詞，如果先接物在接人就要有介系詞。- I buy a flower for Mary. = I buy Mary a flower.
- He asked a question of me. = He asked me a question.
- 後面要接兩個受詞，以表示授與行為的動詞，常見有：
情緒動詞： - 情緒動詞「使...」，須以事物當主詞，可用現在分詞Ving表令人覺得...，可用過去分詞PP表感到...。
boring 令人覺得無聊的 bored 感到無聊的 exciting 令人興奮的 excited 感到興奮的 interesting 令人覺得有趣的 interested 感到有趣的 scaring 令人害怕的 scared 感到害怕的 surprising 令人驚訝的 surprised 感到驚訝的 tiring 令人厭倦的 tired 感到厭倦的 touching 令人感動的 touched 感到感動的 worrying 令人擔心的 worried 感到擔心的
V：意思為使...感到。- Everything interests me.
- The ball game excited all the fans.
Ving：意思為令人覺得...。用法：和名詞搭配用，形容事物。- Everything is interesting (to me).
- The ball game was interesting.
Ved：意思為某人感到...。用法：和人搭配用，表示情緒。- I am interested in everything.
- All the fans were excited at the ball game.
- 情緒動詞「使...」，須以事物當主詞，可用現在分詞Ving表令人覺得...，可用過去分詞PP表感到...。
花費動詞： spend 的用法：
主詞必須是「人」，可用於花費「時間」或「金錢」。動詞三態為：spend、spent、spent。
句型：S + spend/spent + 時間/金錢 + Ving/on N.- I spent three hundred dollars buying the book.
- I spent three hundred dollars on the book.
- I spent three hours finishing the work.
take 的用法：
只能表達花費「時間」。動詞三態為：take、took、taken。
句型1：Ving/N. + take/took + 人 + 時間- The homework took me three hours.
句型2：It + takes/took + 人 + 時間 + to V.- It took Jim three hours to finish the work.
cost 的用法：
只能用於花費「金錢」。動詞三態為：cost、cost、cost
句型1：Ving/N. + cost + 人 + 金錢- The cake costs me two dollars.
句型2：It + cost + 人 + 金錢 + to V.- It costs Jim one hundred dollars to buy the shoes.
- 10月 26 週一 201514:59
[常考重點整理] 副詞 adverb
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font-size: 12px; font-size: 1.0rem;
font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
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text-decoration:none !important;
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background-position: 96% 50%;
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ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
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background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 a2{
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color: Ivory;
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
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table {
text-align: center;
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table, th, td {
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padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
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background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
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定義： - 副詞是句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的字，也可用來修飾名詞、片語、子句或整個句子。
- 副詞是句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的字，也可用來修飾名詞、片語、子句或整個句子。
副詞用法： 修飾動詞： - He walks quietly.
- He drives slowly.
修飾形容詞： - That is too bad.
- She is very pretty.
修飾副詞： - She runs very fast.
- He speak English very well.
修飾片語： - The accident happened just now.
- They arrived exactly at ten.
修飾子句： - She was born soon after her father went abroad.
- We went out soon after we had finished our work.
修飾句子： - Luckily, we won the game.
- Unfortunately, it rained all day.
副詞種類： 時間副詞：
today, tomorrow, yesterday, this week, this Sunday, the other day, this month, last night, the night before last, last week, last year, before等- I get up early.
- I have already done my homework.
地方副詞：
here, there, near, far, downstairs, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, home, abroad等- We go there.
- I have seen you somewhere before.
頻率副詞：
always, usually, generally, often, once, twice, many, several times, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually等- We often go to the movies.
- We visit them twice a week.
程度副詞：
very, much, little, more, less, most, enough, too, just, entirely, rather, fairly, somewhat, almost, hardly, only等- He feels much better today.
- He only listens to his mother.
否定副詞：
no, never, barely, rarely, hardly等- She has little time to eat her lunch.
- She hardly visits us when she came.
情狀副詞：
well, hard, fast, slow, quickly, slowly, really等- He did his homework well.
- He studies harder than I do.
普通副詞：
together, well, carefully等- I keep my books all together, so they're easy to find.
- The nurse looks after the babies carefully.
疑問副詞：
when, where, how, why等- Where does she live?
- How do you go to school?
連接副詞：
therefore, furthermore, however, otherwise, besides, in addition等- I worked very hard; therefore, I got promoted.
- I don't want to go there, furthermore, I have no time to do so.
關係副詞：
where, when, why, how等- Where there is a will, there is a way.
- Tell me the reason why you didn't attend school.
比較等級： - 副詞中的情狀副詞有三級的變化(形容詞中也有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞三級的變化)
原級：
既未變化的副詞原形，例如：fast, sweetly, hardly等，用 as … as, so … as 比較。
A + V + as adv as + B → A和B 一樣～- She runs as fast as he in this class.
- I work as hard as John does.
比較級：
既副詞-er或more+副詞，例如：faster, more sweetly等，用 … than … 比較。
A + V + adv-er / more adv + than B → A比B還～- She runs faster of the two.
- I learned more quickly than he did.
最高級：
既副詞-est或most+副詞，例如：fastest, most sweetly等。
A + V + the most / the best / adv-est → A最～- I run fastest in the team.
- He sings most sweetly in his class.
- 副詞中的情狀副詞有三級的變化(形容詞中也有性狀形容詞和一些數量形容詞三級的變化)
三級的變化: 規則變化：
單音節及大部分的兩音節副詞＋er→比較級，＋est→最高級原級 比較級 最高級 fast faster fastest hard harder hardest
兩個以上音節用more+副詞→比較級，most+副詞→最高級原級 比較級 最高級 often more often most often carefully more carefully most carefully kindly more kindly most kindly 不規則變化： 原級 比較級 最高級 little littler littlest far farther farthest
- 10月 26 週一 201514:54
[常考重點整理] 五大句型
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font-family: "Arial";
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
overflow: auto;
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div#contentBlock {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
border-radius:1.25em;
width:98%; /*Percentage of maxwidthwrapper*/
display:block;
background-color:#eeeded;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
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box-shadow:0px 2px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
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margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
width:100%; /* Inside contentBlock*/
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ul#mainMenu {
margin:0 auto;
padding:0;
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list-style-type:none outside none;
padding:0;
text-align:left;
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display:block;
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border-top-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
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border-bottom-right-radius:1.25em; /*Matches border-radius of contentBlock*/
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ul#mainMenu li a1 {
display:block;
padding:0.7em 1em; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
text-decoration:none !important;
font-size:1.4em;
color:#333;
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat;
background-position: 96% 50%;
}
ul#mainMenu li a1:active {
color:#fff;
text-shadow:0pt 1px 1px rgb(25, 75, 126);/*Height, vertical, blur, color*/
/*In order to get background image plus a gradient, you must format it like the following:*/
background: #47ce12; /* Old browsers */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-moz-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%, #2eaa00 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#47ce12), color-stop(100%,#2eaa00)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-o-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,-ms-linear-gradient(top, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: url("arrow-d.png") no-repeat,linear-gradient(to bottom, #47ce12 0%,#2eaa00 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#47ce12', endColorstr='#2eaa00',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
background-position: 96% 50%; /*Horizontal, Vertical - Used To Position The Arrow Images*/
}
ul.content {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
font-size:1.0em;
text-decoration: none;
list-style-type: auto;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0.5em;
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padding:0 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
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font-size:1.0em;
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ul#mainMenu li#a2 p {
padding:0.1em 0; /*Top-Bottom and Right-Left*/
color: DarkSlateBlue;
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table {
text-align: center;
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table, th, td {
border: 1px solid dimgray;
padding:0 0.5em;
font-size:0.95em;
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th {
background: orange none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
color: seashell;
padding: 0.2em 0.1em;
}
五大句型定義：
句型就是句子構成的形式。而句子是由不同詞類的單詞，按照一定的語法規則組合在一起，表達一個完整意思的語言單位。基本句型包括：- 主詞 + 動詞 （S+V）
- 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 （S+V+O）
- 主詞 + 動詞 + 補語 （S+V+C）
- 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞1 + 受詞2 （S+V+O1+O2）
- 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 補語 （S+V+O+C）
S = subject
是句子所要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體。主詞的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以擔當主詞的有名詞、代名詞、不定詞、動名詞和子句。- Walls have ears.
- He will take you to the hospital.
- To see is to believe.
- Smoking is not allowed in public places.
V = verb
是說明主詞的動作或狀態的句子成分。位置一般在主詞之後。- He wins the game.
O = object
是動作的承受者。受詞一般放在及物動詞之後。英語介詞後也會跟受詞。可作受詞的有名詞、代名詞、動名詞等。不定詞也可作及物動詞的受詞。- She covered her face with her hands.
- We haven't seen her for a long time.
C = complement
說明主詞的身份、特徵和狀態的，它的位置在動詞之後。可作補語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞與分詞、不定詞、片語、副詞等。- My father is a professor.
主詞S+動詞V： The fruit store has closed.
這家水果店關門了He comes.
他來了He wins.
他贏了The dog barks.
狗在叫He came yesterday.
他昨天來The dog barks at her.
狗對她叫
此句型的動詞是完全不及物動詞。此動詞後面不需要接任何的受詞與補語，就能夠完整地表達這些句子的意思。因此稱做完全不及物動詞，簡稱為不及物動詞。
當然這個句型也可以在後面加上副詞或片語等，來修飾這個不及物動詞表達更多的細節。主詞S+動詞V+受詞O： He opens the door.
他打開門The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation.
老師改正她的錯誤發音The dog bit a bone.
狗咬骨頭
此句型的動詞是完全及物動詞，後面須接受語，才能完整地表達意思，此動詞稱之為完全及物動詞，簡稱為及物動詞。主詞S+動詞V+補語C： She is a teacher.
她是老師The motor is out of order.
這台馬達出了毛病He is strong.
他很強壯
此句型結構的動詞是由連綴動詞或不完全不及物動詞擔任，動詞後不接受詞，但須接主詞補語以補充主詞意思。常用的補語 be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel
這幾句話的動詞有動作嗎？沒有。is後面都只是在描述主詞，用意在於「補充說明」主詞的完整意思，因此我們叫它「補語」。所以不完全不及物動詞句子的補語，是用來修飾主詞，而完全及物動詞句子的受詞，則是用來接受及物動詞的動作。主詞S+動詞V+受詞O1+受詞O2： I give him a car.
我給他一台車The new way saved us much time.
這個新方法省了我們不少時間He buys me a house.
他買一間房給我They pass him a paper.
他們傳給他一張紙
此句型中的動詞須接兩個受詞的及物動詞。兩個受詞中前一個為間接受詞，後一個為直接受詞。這類動詞常見有give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get等主詞S+動詞V+受詞O+補語C： He makes me happy.
他讓我快樂He paints the house green.
他把房子漆成綠色I warned him not to be late.
我曾警告他不要遲到
此句型的動詞除了有一個直接受詞外，還要加上受詞補語，其實就是為了「補充說明」受詞的狀況，句子的意義才能完整。因為它是補充受詞的狀況，所以我們可以叫它「受詞補語」。受詞補語可以是名詞、形容詞、不定詞、分詞或片語。
- 10月 23 週五 201516:03
[常考重點整理] 感嘆詞 interjection
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感嘆詞定義： - 感嘆詞 (interjection)是表示喜怒哀樂等情緒的詞，或者用於呼喚他人，或用於引起對方的注意。感嘆詞不同於其他詞類並沒有文法上的關係。
感嘆詞用法： 情緒聲：
Ah! 啊呀，Hurrah! 萬歲，Lo! 瞧，Bravo! 好啊，Ha! 哈，Aha! 阿哈，Hi 嗨，Oh 瞭解，Ouch! 疼，Oops 哎呦，Wow! 驚喜- Hi, how are you?
- Hurrah! We won the game.
- Aha! So you took the money!
- Oh, you wanted sugar, not milk.
- Ouch, that hurts!
- Oops, I knocked your cup over
- Wow! Can we try it?
動物叫聲： 動物 叫聲 Bat Screech Bear Growl Bee Buzz Bird Chirrup, Twitter, Tweet Camel Grunt Cat Mew, Meow Chicken Cluck, Cackle Cow Low, Moo Deer Bell Dog Bark Donkey Bray Duck Quack Eagle Scream Elephant Trumpet, Roar Fox Bark, Yelp Frog Croak Goat Bleat Hen Cackle, Cluck Horse Neigh, Snort, Whinny Kangaroo Chortle Koala Scream, Bellow, Wail Lion Roar, Growl Mouse Squeak Monkey Gibber, Whoop Mosquito Whine Owl Hoot Pig Oink, Snort Pigeon Coo Sheep Bleat Snake Hiss Tiger Growl, Roar Turkey Gobble Wolf Howl 感嘆片語： - Good Heavens!
- Go on!
- Look out!
- My goodness!
- Thank God!
- Well done!
感嘆句：
句型一：What + N + (S + V)!- What a mess!
- What a surprise!
- What a pity!
- What fools they are!
句型二：What + a/an + 形容詞 + N(單數) + S + V!- What a pretty girl she is!
- What a clean house you have!
- What an intersting story it is!
- What a beautiful picture it is!
句型三：What + 形容詞 + N(複數) + S + V!- What nice shoes you're wearing!
- What big ears you have!
- What clever boys they are!
- What beautiful weather we have!
句型四：How + 形容詞或副詞 + N + V!- How pretty she is!
- How cold it is!
- How tall the boy is!
- How fast he drives!
句型五：How + 形容詞 + a/an + N(單數) + S + V!- How tall a boy he is!
- How cute a puppy it is!
- How beautiful a girl she is!
- How sweet an apple it tastes!
句型六：How + S + V!- How he worked!
- How he snores!
- How she sings!
- How your mother missed you!
感嘆句跟疑問句不一樣，疑問句要把主詞與動詞倒裝。- How pretty she is! 感嘆句
- How pretty is she? 疑問句
