• 定義：
    • 代名詞就是英語語句中代替先前提及的名詞，以避免同樣的名詞被重複使用，包括人稱代名詞、不定代名詞、指示代名詞、疑問代名詞和關係代名詞。
      代名詞 範例說明
      人稱代名詞 如：I, you, they, it等
      所有代名詞 如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等
      反身代名詞 如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等
      不定代名詞 如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等
      指示代名詞 如：this, that, these, those, such, same等
      疑問代名詞 如：who, whom, whose, which, what等
      關係代名詞 如：who, whom, whose, which, that等

  • 人稱代名詞：
    • 有人稱之區別的代名詞叫做「人稱代名詞」，其主要用途在於代替名詞。但它不只指人，也指事物。人稱基本上有第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱三種。
      人稱 範例說明
      第一人稱 說話者，I, my, me, we, our, us
      第二人稱 說話的對象，you, your
      第三人稱 其他的人或物，he, his, him, she, her, it, its, they, their, them

    • 人稱代名詞(數性格)的區別：

      單數 複數
      主格 受格 主格 受格
      第一人稱 I me we us
      第二人稱 you you you you
      他 he him they them
      她 she her they them
      它 it it they them
      不定 one one ones ones

    • 人稱代名詞用法：
      • I am a teacher.
      • He took her to be me.
      • I know him.

  • 所有代名詞：
    • 所有代名詞代替人稱代名詞的所有格(所有形容詞)和它所修飾的名詞。
      形容詞性 名詞性
      我的 my mine
      你的 your yours
      他的 his his
      她的 her hers
      它的 its its
      我們的 our ours
      你們的 your yours
      他們的 their theirs
      所有代名詞後不可接名詞,無論代替單數或複數名詞,都用相同形態。
      • This is my house.
      • This is mine.

  • 反身代名詞：
    • 反身代名詞又稱複合人稱代名詞,表示自己,由人稱代名詞+self(單數),selves(複數)構成。
      人稱 單數 複數
      第一人稱 myself ourselves
      第二人稱 yourself yourselves
      他自己 himself themselves
      她自己 herself
      它自己 itself
      反身代名詞的主格和受格的形式是一致的。
      • I myself did it.
      • The man hurt himself.
      • The candle light went out of itself.

  • 不定代名詞：
    • 沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞叫做不定代名詞。
      數 不定代名詞 範例說明
      一個 one I do not like this one.
      each Each student listens to the teacher.
      someone Someone is on the phone.
      something Everybody can do something.
      another I don’t like this coat, Show me another.
      二個 both Both of his brothers are doctors.
      either You may take either of the two books.
      neither Neither of the girls likes to go with him.
      each other They often talk to each other on the phone.
      多個 all That's all I know.
      one One of the boys plays computer games very well.
      none None is available.
      one another They all laugh at one another.
      everyone Everyone should be here in time tomorrow.
      anyone I don’t know anyone interesting.
      nobody Nobody can do everything.
      anything You can tell me anything.
      nothing I know nothing about it.
      any You can come any time.
      some I am going to get some ink.
      several Several of his classmates speak English well.
      most Most people have a house.
      many I have many books to give you.
      much There is not much ink in the bottle.
      few Few of the books are cheap now.
      little I have a little money to buy the book.
      other One is black and the other is white.
      不定代名詞 all, both及each可置於一般名詞(當主詞或當受詞)後，用以加強語氣，亦可置於主要動詞、助動詞或be動詞後。
      • My parents both love dogs.

  • 指示代名詞：
    • 表示這個，那個，這些，那些以及it, such, same等詞，指稱特定的人或事物的代名詞叫做「指示代名詞」。
      指示代名詞 範例說明
      this This is a book.
      that That is a red car.
      these These are cars.
      those Those are trees.
      such Such is the case.
      same I bought a dress and she bought the same.
      指示代名詞 this 和 that 可以用來代替前面所提過的語句。
      • I did not go. This made him very angry.
      指示代名詞 that 和 those可以用來代替前面所提過的名詞，以避免重複
      • His taste is quite different from that of his brother's.

  • 疑問代名詞：
    • 發問時為了表達「誰（who），誰 (whom），誰的（whose），什麼（what），哪個或哪些 (which) 」等稱為「疑問代名詞」。
      格 疑問代名詞 範例說明
      主格 who Who knows it?　Mary does.
      which Which is mine?
      what What has happened?
      受格 whom Whom did you meet?　I met Mary.
      which Which do you like best?
      what What do you want?　I want some food.
      所有格 whose Whose is this hat?　It's mine.
      疑問代名詞通常放在句首。
      • Who is that men in white?
      • What can I do for you?
      直接問句中疑問詞 who 之後的主詞、動詞要調換位置。而在間接問句中，因為已有 do you know 表達了疑問意味，故 who 之後的主詞、動詞不須調換位置。
      • Which does he like?
      • Do you know which he likes?

  • 關係代名詞：
    • 關係代名詞是用來引導來關係子句(從屬子句) 的關聯詞。兼有代名詞與連接詞作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞。
      先行詞 主格 受格 所有格
      人 who whom whose
      物 which which *
      人/物 that that *
      關係代名詞的人稱、數、詞性必須和其先行詞一致。
      • This is the teacher who teaches us English.
      • This is the dog which always causes trouble.
      關係代名詞 what, whoever, whatever 兼有前述詞與關係代名詞的作用，成為複合關係代名詞，使用時，前面不另加前述詞。
      • This is not what I want = This is not the thing which I want.
      先行詞前面有特別修飾語時，須用關係代名詞 that，而不可用 who 或 which 等。
      • Jim was the first man that I fell in love with.
      • This is the same watch that I have lost.
      • All the books that talk about socialism are sold out.
      關係代名詞當及物動詞的受詞時，該關係代名詞可省略。
      • Everything (that) he touched became gold.

      •
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